如何编写`awk here document`

Question

我有一个 bash 脚本：

#!/bin/bash

gawk -f realmap.awk realmap.log | column -ts: > realmap.csv

gnuplot <<-_EOF_
    set term png
    set out 'realmap.png'
    set xlabel 'index'
    set ylabel 'bytes'
    set style data lp
    plot 'realmap.csv' u 1:2 t col, '' u 1:3 t col, '' u 1:4 t col, '' u 1:5 t col, '' u 1:6 t col, '' u 1:7 t col
_EOF_

rm realmap.csv

display realmap.png

还有一个 awk 脚本：

#!/usr/bin/gawk -f

BEGIN{
    printf("%s:%s:%s:%s:%s:%s:%s\n", "index", "total", "used", "free", "cached", "buffers", "cache")
}

/^#/{
    gsub("#", "")
    printf("%d:", $0+1)
}

/^M/{
    printf("%d:%d:%d:%d:", $2,$3,$4,$7)
}

/^-/{
    printf("%d:%d\n", $3, $4)
}

如何将这两个脚本合二为一？

Answer 1

笔记：

第二个代码示例中的自消费脚本模式可用于读取文件的任何内容。不要被 OP 使用awk.

回答：

你要的是一个heredoc。在这种情况下使用起来很棘手，但我喜欢 heredocs，所以我将向您展示如何去做。您必须合并一个鲜为人知的 bash 功能，使用 <() 进行进程替换

#!/bin/bash

  # The <( begins a process substitution. It's valid to use with -f because what gets
  # substituted is a file descriptor like /dev/fd/5
  # The quoting on '_EOF_' prevents the shell from expanding the contents of the heredoc,
  # as if it were a big double quoted string. So, your $2, $3, etc. are safe.
gawk -f <(cat - <<-'_EOF_'
    BEGIN{
        printf("%s:%s:%s:%s:%s:%s:%s\n", "index", "total", "used", "free", "cached", "buffers", "cache")
    }

    /^#/{
        gsub("#", "")
        printf("%d:", $0+1)
    }

    /^M/{
        printf("%d:%d:%d:%d:", $2,$3,$4,$7)
    }

    /^-/{
        printf("%d:%d\n", $3, $4)
    }
_EOF_
) realmap.log | column -ts: > realmap.csv

gnuplot <<-_EOF_
    set term png
    set out 'realmap.png'
    set xlabel 'index'
    set ylabel 'bytes'
    set style data lp
    plot 'realmap.csv' u 1:2 t col, '' u 1:3 t col, '' u 1:4 t col, '' u 1:5 t col, '' u 1:6 t col, '' u 1:7 t col
_EOF_

rm realmap.csv

display realmap.png

所以这就是你要的答案。现在，我将使用我所谓的自消费脚本模式来做这件事。

#!/bin/bash

  # The <( begins a process substitution. It's valid to use with -f because what gets
  # substituted is a file descriptor like /dev/fd/5
  # Notice the use of brackets. That prevents the following line from matching itself.
gawk -f <(sed -e '/[B]EGIN_AWK1/,/[E]ND_AWK1/!d' $0) realmap.log | column -ts: > realmap.csv

gnuplot <<-_EOF_
    set term png
    set out 'realmap.png'
    set xlabel 'index'
    set ylabel 'bytes'
    set style data lp
    plot 'realmap.csv' u 1:2 t col, '' u 1:3 t col, '' u 1:4 t col, '' u 1:5 t col, '' u 1:6 t col, '' u 1:7 t col
_EOF_

rm realmap.csv

display realmap.png

exit  ## Execution stops here. The rest is consumed by subprocesses of this script!

#BEGIN_AWK1
    BEGIN{
        printf("%s:%s:%s:%s:%s:%s:%s\n", "index", "total", "used", "free", "cached", "buffers", "cache")
    }

    /^#/{
        gsub("#", "")
        printf("%d:", $0+1)
    }

    /^M/{
        printf("%d:%d:%d:%d:", $2,$3,$4,$7)
    }

    /^-/{
        printf("%d:%d\n", $3, $4)
    }
#END_AWK1

对我来说，这很容易理解，您可以通过增加分隔符将多个 AWK 或其他脚本放在一个文件中。

享受猛击！随时访问 freenode 上的 #bash 以获得更快的答案。

有关更多信息，请参阅http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/process-sub.html