Rob*_*Rob 11 command-line file-association osx-snow-leopard macos
我需要通过命令行批量更改与某些文件关联的应用程序。我不是要更改某个文件扩展名的文件关联，我实际上是希望将特定文件定位为在与该文件类型的默认关联不同的应用程序中打开。我不想整体更改此文件扩展名的默认应用程序，仅更改我针对的特定文件。
现在，我正在 finder 中选择我想要更改的所有文件，点击 option+command+i 以打开多个文件的获取信息，并更改这些文件的应用程序。这有点烦人。
此信息存储在文件的资源分支( Wikipedia ) 中。这些资源分支被公开为扩展属性（维基百科）：
$ ls -l@ somefile.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 danielbeck staff 0 18 Mär 19:00 somefile.txt
# setting non-default application using Finder
$ ls -l@ somefile.txt
-rw-r--r--@ 1 danielbeck staff 0 18 Mär 19:01 somefile.txt
com.apple.ResourceFork 1338
从头开始编辑可能非常痛苦——大量的二进制数据：
$ xattr -p com.apple.ResourceFork somefile.txt
00 00 01 00 00 00 05 08 00 00 04 08 00 00 00 32
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 04 04 00 00 00 32 2F 55 73 65 72 73 2F 64
61 6E 69 65 6C 62 65 63 6B 2F 41 70 70 6C 69 63
61 74 69 6F 6E 73 2F 53 75 62 6C 69 6D 65 20 54
65 78 74 20 32 2E 61 70 70 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 05 08
00 00 04 08 00 00 00 32 0C 00 00 00 C0 05 00 00
00 1C 00 32 00 00 75 73 72 6F 00 00 00 0A 00 00
FF FF 00 00 00 00 19 00 00 00
但是您可以将这些资源分叉视为文件。例如：
$ open somefile.txt # opens in Sublime 2
$ cp somefile.txt/..namedfork/rsrc openInSublime2rsrc
$ open otherfile.txt # opens in TextEdit
$ cp openInSublime2rsrc otherfile.txt/..namedfork/rsrc
$ open otherfile.txt # opens in Sublime 2
/..namedfork/rsrc 是资源分支如何暴露给 POSIX 应用程序（即可能是您在终端中执行的所有操作）。
所以你只需要从现有的资源分支（在这个例子中openInSublime2rsrc）创建一个“模板”文件，然后你可以将它复制到你的其他文件中。
小智 5
从上面 Daniel Beck 的回答中得知，此信息确实存储在文件的资源分支中。Apple 随开发人员工具提供了两个实用程序，称为“Rez”和“DeRez”，它们允许您操作资源分叉。特别是，您可以使用 Rez 将资源分支推送到文件中。
要从命令行更改单个文件的关联，首先创建一个正确类型的文件，然后手动将其关联更改为您希望它在其中打开的应用程序。这会在文件中创建资源分支 - 如果您不这样做不这样做，将没有信息可以复制。然后，用DeRez拉出资源fork，像这样（假设文件为foo.txt，并且你要使用的应用程序是Firefox.app）。
DeRez foo.txt > foo.r
这将创建一个名为 foo.r 的文件，它是作为文本文件的反编译资源分支。它看起来像这样：
data 'usro' (0) {
$"0000 001A 2F41 7070 6C69 6361 7469 6F6E" /* ..../Application */
$"732F 4669 7265 666F 782E 6170 7000 0000" /* s/Firefox.app... */
$"0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000" /* ................ */
如果您想从头开始创建一个，您可以编辑它，但您必须使格式完全正确，否则将无法工作。它只是描述您想要的应用程序包路径的十六进制编码字符，以零结尾。
您可能会看到一条消息，指出资源分支为空且未初始化。如果是这样，您还没有更改源文件上的每个文件关联，因此您需要这样做，然后重新运行 DeRez 命令。
一旦你有了这个，你可以将它推送到另一个文件中，如下所示（假设 bar.txt 存在）：
Rez foo.r -a -o bar.txt
这将使用来自 foo.r 的资源分支更新 bar.txt。
要检查它是否正常工作，因为 Rez 和 DeRez 都没有打印错误消息，只需执行以下操作：
DeRez bar.txt
您应该会看到与之前相同的信息。毕竟，只需像往常一样打开文件 bar.txt，它应该在正确的应用程序中打开，而不是默认应用程序。
要进行批量更改，一旦拥有 .r 文件，就可以使用标准的通配符扩展，如下所示：
Rez foo.r -a -o *.txt
这将处理所有与通配符匹配的文件。
我已在 10.7 上完成此操作，但据我所知，这也适用于较早的机器。
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