如何解释 netstat -o / netstat --timers 的输出

Question

netstat -o在输出中包含一些计时器信息，但我没有在Timer列中的任何地方找到对输出的解释。
任何人都可以解释这一点或指出一个解释吗？

这就是 netstat -o 的输出结果（在 Ubuntu 8.04 上）。

Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       Timer
tcp        0      0 192.168.22.1:443        111.111.11.210:5804     ESTABLISHEDkeepalive (6176.47/0/0)
tcp        0      0 192.168.22.1:443        192.168.22.253:48379    TIME_WAIT  timewait (36.57/0/0)
tcp        0    924 192.168.22.1:47763      10.9.169.60:443         ESTABLISHEDon (0.34/0/0)
tcp        0      0 192.168.22.1:443        192.168.111.99:4059     ESTABLISHEDkeepalive (6963.60/0/0)
tcp        0      0 192.168.22.1:443        192.168.111.74:1729     ESTABLISHEDkeepalive (1393.60/0/0)
tcp        0      0 192.168.56.1:42204      10.9.169.60:443         ESTABLISHEDoff (0.00/0/0)
tcp        0      0 192.168.56.1:42207      10.9.169.60:443         ESTABLISHEDoff (0.00/0/0)
tcp        0    940 192.168.22.1:42186      10.9.169.60:443         ESTABLISHEDon (0.28/0/0)
tcp        0      0 192.168.22.1:443        192.168.22.253:48367    TIME_WAIT  timewait (31.57/0/0)
tcp        0      0 192.168.22.1:42234      10.9.169.60:443         ESTABLISHEDoff (0.00/0/0)
tcp        0      0 192.168.22.1:42209      10.9.169.60:443         ESTABLISHEDoff (0.00/0/0)

Answer 1

计时器列有两个字段（来自上面的 o/p）：

keepalive (6176.47/0/0)  
<1st field> <2nd field>

所述1st field可具有值：
keepalive-当所述保活定时器为ON的插座
on-当重发定时器是ON的插座
off-没有的上面是ON

将2nd field有三个子字段：

(6176.47/0/0) -> (a/b/c)

a= 计时器值（a=keepalive 计时器，当第一个字段=“keepalive”时；a=重传计时器，当第一个字段=“on”时）
b=已发生的重传次数
c=已发送的保持连接探测次数

例如，我在客户端和服务器（不是环回）之间打开了两个套接字。保活设置是：

KEEPALIVE_IDLETIME   30
KEEPALIVE_NUMPROBES   4
KEEPALIVE_INTVL      10

我关闭了客户端机器，所以在服务器端我运行了一个 netstat & 输出是：

端口 1：

netstat -c --timer | grep "192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742"

tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (1.92/0/0)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (0.71/0/0)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (9.46/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (8.30/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (7.14/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (5.98/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (4.82/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (3.66/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (2.50/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (1.33/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (0.17/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (9.01/0/2)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (7.75/0/2)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (6.47/0/2)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (5.29/0/2)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (4.08/0/2)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (2.89/0/2)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (1.73/0/2)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (0.54/0/2)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (9.38/0/3)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (8.23/0/3)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (7.08/0/3)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (5.93/0/3)                                                                                                                               
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (4.76/0/3)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (3.62/0/3)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (2.48/0/3)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (1.32/0/3)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (0.13/0/3)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (8.98/0/4)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (7.78/0/4)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (6.62/0/4)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (5.45/0/4)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (4.29/0/4)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (3.14/0/4)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (1.99/0/4)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:43245             192.0.68.1:49742            ESTABLISHED keepalive (0.85/0/4)

您可以在上面看到服务器发送了四个 keepalive 探测，每个 10 秒后，由于没有得到任何响应，发送的探测数计数增加，4 之后，它与客户端断开连接。

端口 2：

对于第二个连接，套接字是相同的，除了我在服务器端的应用程序试图在客户端关闭后和保活到期之前发送一些消息：

 netstat -c --timer | grep "192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881"

tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED keepalive (8.18/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED keepalive (7.00/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED keepalive (5.86/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED keepalive (4.71/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED keepalive (3.55/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED keepalive (2.40/0/1)                                                                                                                               
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED keepalive (1.21/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED keepalive (0.05/0/1)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED keepalive (8.91/0/2)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED keepalive (7.75/0/2)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED keepalive (6.56/0/2)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED keepalive (5.39/0/2)
tcp        0      0 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED keepalive (4.14/0/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (0.21/2/2)  // <---- retransmission timer kicks in
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (0.68/3/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (2.74/4/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (1.59/4/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (0.43/4/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (2.28/5/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (1.11/5/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (2.95/6/2)

. . . . . 

tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (0.65/249/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (2.58/250/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (1.48/250/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (0.36/250/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (2.26/251/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (1.15/251/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (3.01/252/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (1.92/252/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (0.84/252/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (2.72/253/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (1.64/253/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (0.55/253/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (2.47/254/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (1.39/254/2)                                                                                                                                    
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (0.31/254/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (2.19/255/2)
tcp        0    210 192.0.0.1:36483             192.0.68.1:43881            ESTABLISHED on (1.12/255/2)

如您所见，在这种情况下，情况略有不同。当客户端宕机时，我的服务器开始发送 keepalive 消息，但是当它仍在发送这些 keepalive 时，我的服务器尝试向客户端发送消息。由于客户端宕机，服务器无法从客户端得到任何 ACK，因此 TCP 重传开始，服务器尝试再次发送数据，每次在重传计时器（第 1 个字段）时增加重传计数（第 2 个字段）字段）过期。

希望这netstat --timer很好地解释了该选项。

Answer 2

第一个数字显然是倒数计时器。根据状态类型，一旦定时器超时，它将重试并发送另一个 FIN 或任何需要的数据包以再次尝试。所以第二个数字跟踪重试的次数。请注意，计时器增加是因为 TCP 有退避计时器，以防出现流量状况。退避计时器避免了过于频繁的重试。每次失败都会导致越来越大的退避。退避可能是指数增长或线性增长，具体取决于 TCP 堆栈。我还没有弄清楚3个数字是做什么用的。在我的显示器中始终为零。