发布后如何在 Debian Buster 中配置 apt

Question

我目前在我的计算机上运行 Debian Buster 作为测试。现在 Buster 已经稳定了，我应该如何更新我的系统？

具体来说，我如何配置/etc/apt/sources.list？

目前，它看起来像这样：

# deb cdrom:[Official Debian GNU/Linux Live 9.9.0 xfce 2019-04-27T10:47]/ stretch main
# deb cdrom:[Official Debian GNU/Linux Live 9.9.0 xfce 2019-04-27T10:47]/ stretch main

deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ buster main
deb-src http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ buster main
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main

#stretch-updates, previously known as 'volatile'
deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ buster-updates main
deb-src http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ buster-updates main

当我运行时，sudo apt-get update我得到这个输出：

Ign:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch InRelease
Get:2 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease [31.1 kB]
Get:3 http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian buster InRelease [118 kB]                  
Get:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch Release [118 kB]
Get:5 http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian buster-updates InRelease [46.8 kB]
Get:6 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch Release.gpg [2,434 B]
Reading package lists... Done          
E: Repository 'http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease' changed its 'Suite' value from 'testing' to 'stable'
N: This must be accepted explicitly before updates for this repository can be applied. See apt-secure(8) manpage for details.
N: Repository 'http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian buster InRelease' changed its 'Version' value from '' to '10.0'
E: Repository 'http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian buster InRelease' changed its 'Suite' value from 'testing' to 'stable'
N: This must be accepted explicitly before updates for this repository can be applied. See apt-secure(8) manpage for details.
E: Repository 'http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian buster-updates InRelease' changed its 'Suite' value from 'testing-updates' to 'stable-updates'
N: This must be accepted explicitly before updates for this repository can be applied. See apt-secure(8) manpage for details.
E: Repository 'http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch Release' changed its 'Suite' value from 'stable' to 'oldstable'
N: This must be accepted explicitly before updates for this repository can be applied. See apt-secure(8) manpage for details.

更新：我运行sudo apt update并与更新管理器进行了此对话：

geoff@geoff-debian:/etc/apt$ sudo apt update
Get:1 http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian buster InRelease [118 kB]
Get:2 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease [31.1 kB]                
E: Repository 'http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease' changed its 'Suite' value from 'testing' to 'stable'
N: This must be accepted explicitly before updates for this repository can be applied. See apt-secure(8) manpage for details.
Do you want to accept these changes and continue updating from this repository? [y/N] y
Get:3 http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian buster-updates InRelease [46.8 kB]                                                 
Ign:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch InRelease                                                                     
Get:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch Release [118 kB]                                                              
Get:6 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates/main Sources [1,688 B]                                   
Get:7 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch Release.gpg [2,434 B]                                                         
Get:8 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates/main amd64 Packages [1,448 B]                            
Get:9 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates/main Translation-en [1,364 B]                            
N: Repository 'http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian buster InRelease' changed its 'Version' value from '' to '10.0'           
E: Repository 'http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian buster InRelease' changed its 'Suite' value from 'testing' to 'stable'
N: This must be accepted explicitly before updates for this repository can be applied. See apt-secure(8) manpage for details.
Do you want to accept these changes and continue updating from this repository? [y/N] y
E: Repository 'http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian buster-updates InRelease' changed its 'Suite' value from 'testing-updates' to 'stable-updates'
N: This must be accepted explicitly before updates for this repository can be applied. See apt-secure(8) manpage for details.
Do you want to accept these changes and continue updating from this repository? [y/N] y
E: Repository 'http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch Release' changed its 'Suite' value from 'stable' to 'oldstable'      
N: This must be accepted explicitly before updates for this repository can be applied. See apt-secure(8) manpage for details.
Do you want to accept these changes and continue updating from this repository? [y/N] y
Fetched 171 kB in 1min 6s (2,594 B/s)                                                                                    
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
159 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
geoff@geoff-debian:/etc/apt$ 

这样好吗？我特别关心旧稳定的消息。我应该仍然拥有这个存储库吗？

Answer 1

tl;dr：运行一次 apt-get update --allow-releaseinfo-change

这里发生的事情是，本地 apt 数据库将您的包源“发布信息”记住为“busterAsTesting”，并且现在更新时返回“busterAsStable”。

这会导致错误和指示，表明您需要“允许更改发布版本信息”。

幸运的是，apt-get有一个选项，恰如其分地命名allow-releaseinfo-change

使用此选项运行 apt-get 时，它会注意到 -as N:without-版本差异（-lines），但现在按照指示接受它，然后更新本地数据库。