小编use*_*284的帖子

我有一个 Django 表单，它通过 django-storages 库将文件保存到 s3 并且工作正常。如何生成并返回预签名 URL，以便用户可以在文件上传后临时访问该文件？这是由 django-storages 抽象的还是我必须使用 boto3 api？

我花了几个小时浏览 Django-storages 文档，但是不太清楚如何做到这一点..

表格.py

class DocumentForm(forms.Form):
    docfile = forms.FileField(
        label='Select a file',
        help_text='max. 42 megabytes'
    )
   name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
   uploaded_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

视图.py

def upload_file(request):
   if request.method == 'POST':
      form = DocumentForm(request.POST)
      if form.is_valid():
         form.save()
         url = ... # generate pre-signed url of uploaded file here
         return render(request, 'upload_response.html', url)

如何知道用户是否Enter使用过Python？

例如 :

user = raw_input("type in enter")
if user == "enter":
    print "you pressed enter"
else:
    print "you haven't pressed enter"

我的 pytest 单元测试不断返回错误 ModuleNotFoundError: No module name billing。

奇怪的send_invoices是，当我删除补丁语句时，计费模块中的方法能够被调用。如果是这种情况，为什么mock.patch 无法找到计费模块并修补方法？

billing.py

import pdfkit
from django.template.loader import render_to_string
from django.core.mail import EmailMessage
from projectxapp.models import User

Class Billing:

  #creates a pdf of invoice. Takes an invoice dictionary
  def create_invoice_pdf(self, invoice, user_id):
    #get the html of the invoice
    file_path ='/{}-{}.pdf'.format(user_id, invoice['billing_period'])
    invoice_html = render_to_string('templates/invoice.html', invoice)
    pdf = pdfkit.from_file(invoice_html, file_path)
    return file_path, pdf

  #sends invoice to customer
  def send_invoices(self, invoices):
    for user_id, invoice in invoices.items():
            #get customers email
            email = …

为什么 Pytest 返回集合错误“在 test_billing_month_year：函数不使用参数“日期”，即使使用并定义了日期？

billing_month_year() 函数仅返回当前日期的上个月和上一年。

import datetime as dt
import pytest 
from mock import patch

def billing_month_year():
    today = dt.datetime.utcnow()
    #last month from current date
    last_month = today.month - 1 if today.month>1 else 12
    #last year from current date
    last_month_year = today.year if today.month > last_month else today.year - 1
    return last_month, last_month_year

@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    'date, expected',
    [
        #last month in previous year
        (dt.datetime(year=2020, month=1, day=21), (12, 2019)),
        #last month in current year
        (dt.datetime(year=2020, month=2, day=21), (01, 2020)),
    ]
) …

我正在尝试从 boto3 模块修补 S3get_object方法，但我不断收到以下错误

AttributeError: <function client at 0x104570200> does not have the attribute 'get_object'

这令人困惑，因为我能够成功修补boto3.client但不能boto3.client.get_object，即使 boto3 文档声明它是客户端的方法之一

这是我的代码

import boto3
from mock import patch

@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    'response, expected',
    [
        (200, True),
        (400,False)
    ]
)

@patch('boto3.client.get_object')
def test_get_file(mock, response, expected):
    mock.return_values = response
    test = get_file('portfolio/test.xls')
    assert test == expected

def get_file(self, key):
    S3 = boto3.client('s3')
    response = S3.get_object(bucket='portfolios', key=key)
    if response.status == 200:
        return response

    return False

我正在尝试使用创建 JSON 模型字段的副本.copy()，但是我对副本所做的任何更改仍然反映在我不想要的数据库中。我可以迭代模型字段并创建一个新字典，但我认为有一种更Pythonic的方式。

模型.py

Class User(models.model):
  settings = models.JSONField(default=dict(color = "Yellow",  shape = "Square"))

视图.py

... 
user = User.objects.get(id=1)
settings = user.settings
settings_copy = user.settings.copy()
#settings model field is being changed here despite being a copy
settings_copy['color'] = Blue 
...