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什么是未定义的参考/未解决的外部符号错误？什么是常见原因以及如何修复/预防它们？

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我在Windows上使用MinGW编译器来编译带有套接字的C++应用程序.我的链接命令如下:

g++.exe -Wall -Wno-long-long -pedantic -lwsock32 -o dist/Windows/piskvorky { there are a lot of object files }

而我也试过了

g++.exe -Wall -Wno-long-long -pedantic -lws2_32 -o dist/Windows/piskvorky { there are a lot of object files }

但在这两种情况下我都会收到此错误:

build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpunit.o:tcpunit.cpp:(.text+0x33): undefined reference to `closesocket@4'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpunit.o:tcpunit.cpp:(.text+0xd0): undefined reference to `send@16'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpunit.o:tcpunit.cpp:(.text+0x1ee): undefined reference to `recv@16'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x184): undefined reference to `WSAStartup@8'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x1a5): undefined reference to `closesocket@4'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x1cb): undefined reference to `closesocket@4'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x1d3): undefined reference to `WSACleanup@0'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x6fe): undefined reference to `bind@12'
build/Windows/MinGW-Windows/src/utils/tcpdevice.o:tcpdevice.cpp:(.text+0x724): undefined reference to `listen@8' …