我偶然发现了一个非常不稳定的性能曲线实例,它对原始数组进行了非常简单的map/reduce操作.这是我的jmh基准代码:
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OperationsPerInvocation(Measure.ARRAY_SIZE)
@Warmup(iterations = 300, time = 200, timeUnit=MILLISECONDS)
@Measurement(iterations = 1, time = 1000, timeUnit=MILLISECONDS)
@State(Scope.Thread)
@Threads(1)
@Fork(1)
public class Measure
{
static final int ARRAY_SIZE = 1<<20;
final int[] ds = new int[ARRAY_SIZE];
private IntUnaryOperator mapper;
@Setup public void setup() {
setAll(ds, i->(int)(Math.random()*(1<<7)));
final int multiplier = (int)(Math.random()*10);
mapper = d -> multiplier*d;
}
@Benchmark public double multiply() {
return Arrays.stream(ds).map(mapper).sum();
}
}
以下是典型输出的片段:
# VM invoker: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_20.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/bin/java
# VM options: <none>
# Warmup: 300 iterations, …我在这里看到很多线程比较并尝试回答哪个更快:newInstance或者new operator.
看看源代码,它看起来newInstance应该慢得多,我的意思是它做了很多安全检查并使用反射.而且我决定先测量一下jdk-8.这是使用的代码jmh.
@BenchmarkMode(value = { Mode.AverageTime, Mode.SingleShotTime })
@Warmup(iterations = 5, time = 2, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 2, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
@State(Scope.Benchmark)
public class TestNewObject {
public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException {
Options opt = new OptionsBuilder().include(TestNewObject.class.getSimpleName()).build();
new Runner(opt).run();
}
@Fork(1)
@Benchmark
public Something newOperator() {
return new Something();
}
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@Fork(1)
@Benchmark
public Something newInstance() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
return Something.class.newInstance(); …I know micro-benchmarking is hard. I'm not trying to build a poor micro-benchmark. Rather, I have run into this problem when making (what I thought to be) harmless refactoring. There is stripped down demo of the problem below.
The program builds an ArrayList of ten thousand random integers and then finds sum of the elements. In the example, summing is repeated a million times to improve signal v. noise ratio in the measurement of elapsed time. In real program, there's …