相关疑难解决方法(0)

正如标题所示,我想选择用a组成的每组行的第一行GROUP BY.

具体来说,如果我有一个purchases看起来像这样的表:

SELECT * FROM purchases;

我的输出:

id | customer | total
---+----------+------
 1 | Joe      | 5
 2 | Sally    | 3
 3 | Joe      | 2
 4 | Sally    | 1

我想查询每个产品id的最大购买量(total)customer.像这样的东西:

SELECT FIRST(id), customer, FIRST(total)
FROM  purchases
GROUP BY customer
ORDER BY total DESC;

预期产出:

FIRST(id) | customer | FIRST(total)
----------+----------+-------------
        1 | Joe      | 5
        2 | Sally    | 3

我在Postgres 9.2中有下表(简化形式)

CREATE TABLE log (
    log_date DATE,
    user_id  INTEGER,
    payload  INTEGER
);

它每个用户和每天最多包含一条记录.每天将有大约500,000条记录,为期300天.每个用户的running_total总是在增加.

我想在特定日期之前有效地检索每个用户的最新记录.我的查询是:

SELECT user_id, max(log_date), max(payload) 
FROM log 
WHERE log_date <= :mydate 
GROUP BY user_id

这非常慢.我也尝试过:

SELECT DISTINCT ON(user_id), log_date, payload
FROM log
WHERE log_date <= :mydate
ORDER BY user_id, log_date DESC;

具有相同的计划,同样缓慢.

到目前为止,我在user_msg_log(aggr_date)上有一个索引,但没有多大帮助.我应该用什么其他索引来加快速度,还是以任何其他方式实现我的目标？

在MySQL中,当我创建复合主键(比如列)时X, Y, Z,所有三列都会自动成为索引.Postgres会发生同样的事吗？

我在PostgreSQL(9.5.1)中有以下查询:

select e.id, (select count(id) from imgitem ii where ii.tabid = e.id and ii.tab = 'esp') as imgs,
 e.ano, e.mes, e.dia, cast(cast(e.ano as varchar(4))||'-'||right('0'||cast(e.mes as varchar(2)),2)||'-'|| right('0'||cast(e.dia as varchar(2)),2) as varchar(10)) as data,
 pl.pltag, e.inpa, e.det, d.ano anodet, coalesce(p.abrev,'')||' ('||coalesce(p.prenome,'')||')' determinador, d.tax, coalesce(v.val,v.valf)||' '||vu.unit as altura,
 coalesce(v1.val,v1.valf)||' '||vu1.unit as DAP, d.fam, tf.nome família, d.gen, tg.nome gênero, d.sp, ts.nome espécie, d.inf, e.loc, l.nome localidade, e.lat, e.lon
from esp e
left join det d on e.det = d.id
left join tax tf …