相关疑难解决方法(0)

考虑以下代码:

h = Hash.new(0)  # New hash pairs will by default have 0 as values
h[1] += 1  #=> {1=>1}
h[2] += 2  #=> {2=>2}

这一切都很好,但是:

h = Hash.new([])  # Empty array as default value
h[1] <<= 1  #=> {1=>[1]}                  ? Ok
h[2] <<= 2  #=> {1=>[1,2], 2=>[1,2]}      ? Why did `1` change?
h[3] << 3   #=> {1=>[1,2,3], 2=>[1,2,3]}  ? Where is `3`?

在这一点上,我希望哈希是:

{1=>[1], 2=>[2], 3=>[3]}

但它远非如此.发生了什么,我怎样才能得到我期望的行为？

我以为我理解默认方法对哈希的作用...

如果密钥不存在,请为其提供默认值:

irb(main):001:0> a = {}
=> {}
irb(main):002:0> a.default = 4
=> 4
irb(main):003:0> a[8]
=> 4
irb(main):004:0> a[9] += 1
=> 5
irb(main):005:0> a
=> {9=>5}

都好.

但是,如果我设置的默认是一个空列表,或空哈希,我不知道这是在行为都 ....

irb(main):001:0> a = {}
=> {}
irb(main):002:0> a.default = []
=> []
irb(main):003:0> a[8] << 9
=> [9]                          # great!
irb(main):004:0> a
=> {}                           # ?! would have expected {8=>[9]}
irb(main):005:0> a[8]
=> [9]                          # awesome!
irb(main):006:0> a[9]
=> [9]                          # unawesome! shouldn't this be [] ??

我希望/期待相同的行为,好像我使用了|| …