我假设此代码存在并发问题:
const string CacheKey = "CacheKey";
static string GetCachedData()
{
string expensiveString =null;
if (MemoryCache.Default.Contains(CacheKey))
{
expensiveString = MemoryCache.Default[CacheKey] as string;
}
else
{
CacheItemPolicy cip = new CacheItemPolicy()
{
AbsoluteExpiration = new DateTimeOffset(DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(20))
};
expensiveString = SomeHeavyAndExpensiveCalculation();
MemoryCache.Default.Set(CacheKey, expensiveString, cip);
}
return expensiveString;
}
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并发问题的原因是多个线程可以获取空键,然后尝试将数据插入缓存.
什么是最简洁,最干净的方法来使这个代码并发证明?我喜欢在缓存相关代码中遵循一个好的模式.链接到在线文章将是一个很大的帮助.
更新:
我根据@Scott Chamberlain的回答提出了这个代码.任何人都可以找到任何性能或并发问题吗?如果这样做,它将节省许多代码和错误.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Runtime.Caching;
namespace CachePoc
{
class Program
{
static object everoneUseThisLockObject4CacheXYZ = new object();
const string CacheXYZ = "CacheXYZ";
static …Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud) 在.NET 4中,还可以使用System.Lazy<T>该类编写具有缓存属性的以下代码段.我测量了两种方法的性能,它几乎是一样的.对于为什么我应该使用一个而不是另一个,是否有任何真正的好处或魔力?
缓存属性
public static class Brushes
{
private static LinearGradientBrush _myBrush;
public static LinearGradientBrush MyBrush
{
get
{
if (_myBrush == null)
{
var linearGradientBrush = new LinearGradientBrush { ...};
linearGradientBrush.GradientStops.Add( ... );
linearGradientBrush.GradientStops.Add( ... );
_myBrush = linearGradientBrush;
}
return _myBrush;
}
}
}
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懒惰<T>
public static class Brushes
{
private static readonly Lazy<LinearGradientBrush> _myBrush =
new Lazy<LinearGradientBrush>(() =>
{
var linearGradientBrush = new LinearGradientBrush { ...};
linearGradientBrush.GradientStops.Add( ... );
linearGradientBrush.GradientStops.Add( ... );
return linearGradientBrush;
} …Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud) 我最近在整个应用程序中开始使用Lazy,我想知道在使用时是否有任何明显的消极方面需要考虑Lazy<T>?
我试图Lazy<T>尽可能经常使用,主要是为了帮助减少加载但非活动插件的内存占用.
是否System.Lazy<T>有无例外的缓存?或者懒惰的多线程初始化和缓存的另一个很好的解决方案?
我有以下程序(在这里小提琴):
using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Net;
namespace ConsoleApplication3
{
public class Program
{
public class LightsaberProvider
{
private static int _firstTime = 1;
public LightsaberProvider()
{
Console.WriteLine("LightsaberProvider ctor");
}
public string GetFor(string jedi)
{
Console.WriteLine("LightsaberProvider.GetFor jedi: {0}", jedi);
Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
if (jedi == "2" && 1 == Interlocked.Exchange(ref _firstTime, 0))
{
throw new Exception("Dark side happened...");
}
Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
return string.Format("Lightsaver for: {0}", jedi);
}
}
public class LightsabersCache
{
private readonly …Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud) 应用程序需要加载数据并缓存一段时间。我希望如果应用程序的多个部分想要同时访问同一个缓存键,缓存应该足够智能,只加载一次数据并将该调用的结果返回给所有调用者。然而,MemoryCache并不是这样做的。如果您并行访问缓存(这通常发生在应用程序中),它会为每次尝试获取缓存值创建一个任务。我认为这段代码会达到预期的结果,但事实并非如此。我希望缓存只运行一项GetDataAsync任务,等待它完成,然后使用结果来获取其他调用的值。
using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApp4
{
class Program
{
private const string Key = "1";
private static int number = 0;
static async Task Main(string[] args)
{
var memoryCache = new MemoryCache(new MemoryCacheOptions { });
var tasks = new List<Task>();
tasks.Add(memoryCache.GetOrCreateAsync(Key, (cacheEntry) => GetDataAsync()));
tasks.Add(memoryCache.GetOrCreateAsync(Key, (cacheEntry) => GetDataAsync()));
tasks.Add(memoryCache.GetOrCreateAsync(Key, (cacheEntry) => GetDataAsync()));
await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
Console.WriteLine($"The cached value was: {memoryCache.Get(Key)}");
}
public static async Task<int> GetDataAsync()
{
//Simulate getting a large …Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud) 在找到Lazy<T>类型之前,我使用以下模式来实现全局单例:
class DataModel
{
public static XmlSerializer Serializer
{
get { return SerializerFactory.instance; }
}
static class SerializerFactory
{
internal static readonly XmlSerializer instance =
new XmlSerializer(typeof(DataModel));
}
}
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此模式具有以下优点:
最近我发现了很多帖子,建议Lazy<T>实现类似的单例访问模式.Lazy<T>(或LazyInitializer)是否会为此实施带来任何好处?
我在项目代码中找到了以下双锁检查实现:
public class SomeComponent
{
private readonly object mutex = new object();
public SomeComponent()
{
}
public bool IsInitialized { get; private set; }
public void Initialize()
{
this.InitializeIfRequired();
}
protected virtual void InitializeIfRequired()
{
if (!this.OnRequiresInitialization())
{
return;
}
lock (this.mutex)
{
if (!this.OnRequiresInitialization())
{
return;
}
try
{
this.OnInitialize();
}
catch (Exception)
{
throw;
}
this.IsInitialized = true;
}
}
protected virtual void OnInitialize()
{
//some code here
}
protected virtual bool OnRequiresInitialization()
{
return !this.IsInitialized;
}
} …Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud) c# ×7
.net ×4
concurrency ×2
memorycache ×2
.net-4.0 ×1
caching ×1
lazy-loading ×1
locking ×1
mef ×1
singleton ×1