相关疑难解决方法(0)

我正在尝试将Espresso 2添加到我的项目中(它还有很多其他依赖项),但是在尝试运行测试时我遇到了这个错误:

UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Landroid/support/test/BuildConfig;
    at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:596)
    at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:554)
    at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:535)
    ...

非测试版本工作正常.

有没有人有关于调试此方法的最佳方法的任何提示？

我试过跑./gradlew -q :<my_project>:dependencies,但我看不出任何明显的问题(虽然我不太了解解释它的输出):

<snip>

androidTestCompile - Classpath for compiling the androidTest sources.
+--- com.squareup.spoon:spoon-client:1.1.2
+--- com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker-mockito:1.0
|    +--- com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.0
|    \--- org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5
|         +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1
|         \--- org.objenesis:objenesis:1.0
+--- com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.0
+--- org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5 (*)
+--- com.jayway.android.robotium:robotium-solo:5.3.1
+--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0
|    +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1
|    +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.1
|    |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1
|    +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.1
|    |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1
|    +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
| …

我正在尝试学习android espresso ..我遵循了一些基本的教程,它工作正常.但现在我想在android导航抽屉上做一些测试.为此我需要使用gradle依赖androidTestCompile'c​​om.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.2',但它导致与其他依赖项冲突.我的gradle文件:

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion "23.0.3"

defaultConfig {
    applicationId "my.com.myapp_android"
    minSdkVersion 18
    targetSdkVersion 23
    versionCode 1
    versionName "1.0"
    testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
    release {
        minifyEnabled false
        proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
    }
}
}
repositories {
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
//material design
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.3.0'
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:23.3.0'

//zxing
compile 'com.journeyapps:zxing-android-embedded:3.2.0@aar'
compile 'com.google.zxing:core:3.2.1'

//Testing
// Optional -- Mockito framework
testCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.3.0'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.4.1'
// …