相关疑难解决方法(0)

dict.items()和之间是否有任何适用的差异dict.iteritems()？

从Python文档:

dict.items():返回字典的(键,值)对列表的副本.

dict.iteritems():在字典(键,值)对上返回一个迭代器.

如果我运行下面的代码,每个似乎都返回对同一对象的引用.我缺少哪些微妙的差异？

#!/usr/bin/python

d={1:'one',2:'two',3:'three'}
print 'd.items():'
for k,v in d.items():
   if d[k] is v: print '\tthey are the same object' 
   else: print '\tthey are different'

print 'd.iteritems():'   
for k,v in d.iteritems():
   if d[k] is v: print '\tthey are the same object' 
   else: print '\tthey are different'   

输出:

d.items():
    they are the same object
    they are the same object
    they are the same object
d.iteritems():
    they are the same …

我使用的是带有8GB内存和1.7GHz Core i5的Python 2.7.5 @ Mac OS X 10.9.3.我测试了时间消耗如下.

d = {i:i*2 for i in xrange(10**7*3)} #WARNING: it takes time and consumes a lot of RAM

%time for k in d: k,d[k]
CPU times: user 6.22 s, sys: 10.1 ms, total: 6.23 s
Wall time: 6.23 s

%time for k,v in d.iteritems(): k, v
CPU times: user 7.67 s, sys: 27.1 ms, total: 7.7 s
Wall time: 7.69 s

似乎iteritems更慢.我想知道iteritems比直接访问dict有什么好处.

更新:获得更准确的时间配置文件

In [23]: %timeit -n 5 for k in d: …