多键DataStructure

Question

我正在寻找一个可以用多个键搜索的数据结构.用例子更容易解释:

var myDataStructure = new MultiKeyDataStructure<int, string, MyType>();
myDataStructure.Add(1, "some string 1", new MyType());
myDataStructure.Add(2, "some string 2", new MyType());

var myType = new MyType();
myDataStructure.Add(3, "some string 3", myType);

Tuple<string, MyType> t1 = myDataStructure[1];
Tuple<int, MyType> t2 = myDataStructure["some string 1"];
Tuple<int, string> t3 = myDataStructure[myType];

这样的事情是可能的,如果是这样的话,还有什么东西可以做到吗？你会如何实现像键一样对待所有东西的东西,并通过搜索它们中的任何一个来返回所有相关的键？

理想情况下,您还可以使用任何数量和/或类型的参数:

var myDataStructure = new MultiKeyDataStructure<int, string, Foo, Bar>();

Answer 1

所以这里有一个适用于三个键.您可以按照列出的模式为4,5,6等键创建一个.这将是很多代码,但不是一个特别困难的任务(只是单调乏味).

请注意,由于密钥的每个部分都有一个字典,因此会占用大量内存; 这是您为任何密钥的事实访问的灵活性所支付的价格.

public class MultiKeyDictionary<T1, T2, T3>
{
    private Dictionary<T1, Tuple<T1, T2, T3>> firstLookup = new Dictionary<T1, Tuple<T1, T2, T3>>();
    private Dictionary<T2, Tuple<T1, T2, T3>> secondLookup = new Dictionary<T2, Tuple<T1, T2, T3>>();
    private Dictionary<T3, Tuple<T1, T2, T3>> thirdLookup = new Dictionary<T3, Tuple<T1, T2, T3>>();

    public void Add(Tuple<T1, T2, T3> values)
    {
        if (!firstLookup.ContainsKey(values.Item1) &&
            !secondLookup.ContainsKey(values.Item2) &&
            !thirdLookup.ContainsKey(values.Item3))
        {
            firstLookup.Add(values.Item1, values);
            secondLookup.Add(values.Item2, values);
            thirdLookup.Add(values.Item3, values);
        }
        else
        {
            //throw an exeption or something.
        }
    }

    public Tuple<T1, T2, T3> GetFirst(T1 key)
    {
        return firstLookup[key];
    }

    public Tuple<T1, T2, T3> GetSecond(T2 key)
    {
        return secondLookup[key];
    }

    public Tuple<T1, T2, T3> GetThird(T3 key)
    {
        return thirdLookup[key];
    }

    public void RemoveFirst(T1 key)
    {
        var values = GetFirst(key);

        firstLookup.Remove(values.Item1);
        secondLookup.Remove(values.Item2);
        thirdLookup.Remove(values.Item3);
    }

    public void RemoveSecond(T2 key)
    {
        var values = GetSecond(key);

        firstLookup.Remove(values.Item1);
        secondLookup.Remove(values.Item2);
        thirdLookup.Remove(values.Item3);
    }

    public void RemoveThird(T3 key)
    {
        var values = GetThird(key);

        firstLookup.Remove(values.Item1);
        secondLookup.Remove(values.Item2);
        thirdLookup.Remove(values.Item3);
    }
}

以下是一种完全不同的方法.它不是为每个键填充查找,而是将所有值存储在单个集合中,并执行线性搜索以查找给定键的项.它将有O(n)搜索/删除时间,但O(1)添加.之前的实现有O(1)添加,删除和搜索,但占用了更多的内存.

public class MultiKeyDictionary2<T1, T2, T3>
{
    private HashSet<Tuple<T1, T2, T3>> lookup = new HashSet<Tuple<T1, T2, T3>>();
    private HashSet<T1> firstKeys = new HashSet<T1>();
    private HashSet<T2> secondKeys = new HashSet<T2>();
    private HashSet<T3> thirdKeys = new HashSet<T3>();

    public void Add(Tuple<T1, T2, T3> values)
    {
        if (lookup.Any(multiKey => object.Equals(multiKey.Item1, values.Item1) ||
            object.Equals(multiKey.Item2, values.Item2) ||
            object.Equals(multiKey.Item3, values.Item3)))
        {
            //throw an exception or something
        }
        else
        {
            lookup.Add(values);
        }
    }

    public Tuple<T1, T2, T3> GetFirst(T1 key)
    {
        return lookup.FirstOrDefault(values => object.Equals(values.Item1, key));
    }

    public Tuple<T1, T2, T3> GetSecond(T2 key)
    {
        return lookup.FirstOrDefault(values => object.Equals(values.Item2, key));
    }

    public Tuple<T1, T2, T3> GetThird(T3 key)
    {
        return lookup.FirstOrDefault(values => object.Equals(values.Item3, key));
    }

    public void RemoveFirst(T1 key)
    {
        var values = GetFirst(key);
        if (values != null)
            lookup.Remove(values);
    }

    public void RemoveSecond(T2 key)
    {
        var values = GetSecond(key);
        if (values != null)
            lookup.Remove(values);
    }

    public void RemoveThird(T3 key)
    {
        var values = GetThird(key);
        if (values != null)
            lookup.Remove(values);
    }
}