如何在SQL Server中找到未编制索引的外键

Question

我有一个SQL Server 2000数据库,大约有220个表.这些表之间有许多外键关系.通过性能分析,我们发现许多这些外键关系都缺少索引.我不想对性能问题做出反应,而是积极主动地找到所有缺少索引的外键.

如何以编程方式确定哪个外键缺少索引？

Answer 1

SELECT  *
FROM    sys.foreign_keys fk
WHERE   EXISTS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    sys.foreign_key_columns fkc
        WHERE   fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
                AND NOT EXISTS
                (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    sys.index_columns ic
                WHERE   ic.object_id = fkc.parent_object_id
                        AND ic.column_id = fkc.parent_column_id
                        AND ic.index_column_id = fkc.constraint_column_id
                )
        )

我没有SQL Server 2000方便的副本,但您可能需要更改sys.foreign_key为sysforeignkeys等,如上所述here.

此查询选择所有没有索引的外键,该索引覆盖组成键的所有列.

这也支持多列外键.

但是,如果存在覆盖所有列的复合索引但是它们不是此索引中最左侧的列,则会返回误报.

就像,如果有一个FOREIGN KEY (col2, col3)和一个索引(col1, col2, col3),这将返回有一个索引,尽管这个索引不能用于这个外键.

Answer 2

这是一个适用于由同事创作的SQL Server 2000的答案:

/*
Description:
    This script outputs a table with all the current database un-indexed foreign keys.

    The table has three columns ( TableName , ColumnName, ForeignKeyName ) 
    TableName: The table containing the un-indexed foreign key
    ColumnName: The foreign key column that’s not indexed 
    ForeignKeyName: Name of foreign key witch column doesn’t have an index 
    */
DECLARE 
    @TableName varchar(255),
    @ColumnName varchar(255),
    @ForeignKeyName sysname

SET NOCOUNT ON
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED

DECLARE FKColumns_cursor CURSOR Fast_Forward FOR
SELECT  cu.TABLE_NAME, cu.COLUMN_NAME, cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME
FROM    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS ic 
    INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE cu ON ic.CONSTRAINT_NAME = cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE   ic.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY'

CREATE TABLE #temp1(    
    TableName varchar(255),
    ColumnName varchar(255),
    ForeignKeyName sysname
)

OPEN FKColumns_cursor  
FETCH NEXT FROM FKColumns_cursor INTO @TableName, @ColumnName, @ForeignKeyName

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0  
BEGIN

    IF ( SELECT COUNT(*)
    FROM    sysobjects o    
        INNER JOIN sysindexes x ON x.id = o.id
        INNER JOIN  syscolumns c ON o.id = c.id 
        INNER JOIN sysindexkeys xk ON c.colid = xk.colid AND o.id = xk.id AND x.indid = xk.indid
    WHERE   o.type in ('U')
        AND xk.keyno <= x.keycnt
        AND permissions(o.id, c.name) <> 0
        AND (x.status&32) = 0
        AND o.name = @TableName
        AND c.name = @ColumnName
    ) = 0
    BEGIN
        INSERT INTO #temp1 SELECT @TableName, @ColumnName, @ForeignKeyName
    END


    FETCH NEXT FROM FKColumns_cursor INTO @TableName, @ColumnName, @ForeignKeyName
END  
CLOSE FKColumns_cursor  
DEALLOCATE FKColumns_cursor 

SELECT * FROM #temp1 ORDER BY TableName

Answer 3

基于上面的代码构建,删除临时表并获取脚本来创建索引.

   /*
Description:

    */
DECLARE 
    @SchemaName varchar(255),
    @TableName varchar(255),
    @ColumnName varchar(255),
    @ForeignKeyName sysname

SET NOCOUNT ON
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED

DECLARE FKColumns_cursor CURSOR Fast_Forward FOR
SELECT  cu.TABLE_SCHEMA, cu.TABLE_NAME, cu.COLUMN_NAME, cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME
FROM    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS ic 
    INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE cu ON ic.CONSTRAINT_NAME = cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE   ic.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY'

CREATE TABLE #temp1(    
    SchemaName varchar(255),
    TableName varchar(255),
    ColumnName varchar(255),
    ForeignKeyName sysname
)

OPEN FKColumns_cursor  
FETCH NEXT FROM FKColumns_cursor INTO @SchemaName,@TableName, @ColumnName, @ForeignKeyName

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0  
BEGIN

    IF ( SELECT COUNT(*)
    FROM        sysobjects o    
        INNER JOIN sysindexes x ON x.id = o.id
        INNER JOIN  syscolumns c ON o.id = c.id 
        INNER JOIN sysindexkeys xk ON c.colid = xk.colid AND o.id = xk.id AND x.indid = xk.indid
    WHERE       o.type in ('U')
        AND xk.keyno <= x.keycnt
        AND permissions(o.id, c.name) <> 0
        AND (x.status&32) = 0
        AND o.name = @TableName
        AND c.name = @ColumnName
    ) = 0
    BEGIN
        INSERT INTO #temp1 SELECT @SchemaName, @TableName, @ColumnName, @ForeignKeyName
    END


    FETCH NEXT FROM FKColumns_cursor INTO @SchemaName,@TableName, @ColumnName, @ForeignKeyName
END  
CLOSE FKColumns_cursor  
DEALLOCATE FKColumns_cursor 

SELECT 'CREATE INDEX IDX_' + ForeignKeyName + ' ON ' + SchemaName + '.' + TableName + '(' + ColumnName +')'
FROM #temp1 
ORDER BY TableName

drop table #temp1