joh*_*nes 5 c# windows process visual-studio
我正在开发一个小型的C#GUI工具,它应该获取一些C++代码并在完成一些向导后编译它.如果我在运行着名的程序后从命令提示符运行它,这一切都很好vcvarsall.bat.现在我希望用户不要先进入命令提示符,而是让程序调用vcvars后跟nmake我需要的其他工具.为了工作,vcvars显然应该保留设置的环境变量.
我怎样才能做到这一点?
我能找到的最好的解决方案是创建一个临时cmd/ bat脚本来调用其他工具,但我想知道是否有更好的方法.
更新:我同时试验了批处理文件和cmd.当使用批处理文件时,vcvars将终止完整的批处理执行,因此我的第二个命令(即nmake)将不会被执行.我目前的解决方法是这样的(缩短):
string command = "nmake";
string args = "";
string vcvars = "...vcvarsall.bat";
ProcessStartInfo info = new ProcessStartInfo();
info.WorkingDirectory = workingdir;
info.FileName = "cmd";
info.Arguments = "/c \"" + vcvars + " x86 && " + command + " " + args + "\"";
info.CreateNoWindow = true;
info.UseShellExecute = false;
info.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
Process p = Process.Start(info);
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这样可行,但不会捕获cmd调用的输出.还在寻找更好的东西
我有几个不同的建议
您可能想使用 MSBuild 而不是 NMake 进行研究
它更复杂,但可以直接从.Net控制,并且它是VS项目文件的格式,适用于从VS 2010开始的所有项目以及C#/VB/等。早于该项目的项目
您可以使用小型帮助程序捕获环境并将其注入您的进程中
这可能有点矫枉过正,但它会起作用。vsvarsall.bat 不会做任何比设置一些环境变量更神奇的事情,因此您所要做的就是记录运行它的结果,然后将其重播到您创建的进程的环境中。
帮助程序(envcapture.exe)很简单。它只是列出其环境中的所有变量并将它们打印到标准输出。这是整个程序代码;把它粘在Main():
XElement documentElement = new XElement("Environment");
foreach (DictionaryEntry envVariable in Environment.GetEnvironmentVariables())
{
documentElement.Add(new XElement(
"Variable",
new XAttribute("Name", envVariable.Key),
envVariable.Value
));
}
Console.WriteLine(documentElement);
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您也许可以只调用set而不是这个程序并解析该输出,但是如果任何环境变量包含换行符,这可能会中断。
在你的主程序中:
首先,必须捕获由 vcvarsall.bat 初始化的环境。为此,我们将使用类似于 的命令行cmd.exe /s /c " "...\vcvarsall.bat" x86 && "...\envcapture.exe" "。vcvarsall.bat 修改环境,然后 envcapture.exe 将其打印出来。然后,主程序捕获该输出并将其解析为字典。(注:vsVersion这里可能是 90 或 100 或 110)
private static Dictionary<string, string> CaptureBuildEnvironment(
int vsVersion,
string architectureName
)
{
// assume the helper is in the same directory as this exe
string myExeDir = Path.GetDirectoryName(
Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location
);
string envCaptureExe = Path.Combine(myExeDir, "envcapture.exe");
string vsToolsVariableName = String.Format("VS{0}COMNTOOLS", vsVersion);
string envSetupScript = Path.Combine(
Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(vsToolsVariableName),
@"..\..\VC\vcvarsall.bat"
);
using (Process envCaptureProcess = new Process())
{
envCaptureProcess.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
// the /s and the extra quotes make sure that paths with
// spaces in the names are handled properly
envCaptureProcess.StartInfo.Arguments = String.Format(
"/s /c \" \"{0}\" {1} && \"{2}\" \"",
envSetupScript,
architectureName,
envCaptureExe
);
envCaptureProcess.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
envCaptureProcess.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
envCaptureProcess.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
envCaptureProcess.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
envCaptureProcess.Start();
// read and discard standard error, or else we won't get output from
// envcapture.exe at all
envCaptureProcess.ErrorDataReceived += (sender, e) => { };
envCaptureProcess.BeginErrorReadLine();
string outputString = envCaptureProcess.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
// vsVersion < 110 prints out a line in vcvars*.bat. Ignore
// everything before the first '<'.
int xmlStartIndex = outputString.IndexOf('<');
if (xmlStartIndex == -1)
{
throw new Exception("No environment block was captured");
}
XElement documentElement = XElement.Parse(
outputString.Substring(xmlStartIndex)
);
Dictionary<string, string> capturedVars
= new Dictionary<string, string>();
foreach (XElement variable in documentElement.Elements("Variable"))
{
capturedVars.Add(
(string)variable.Attribute("Name"),
(string)variable
);
}
return capturedVars;
}
}
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稍后,当您想在构建环境中运行命令时,只需将新进程中的环境变量替换为之前捕获的环境变量即可。CaptureBuildEnvironment每次运行程序时,每个参数组合只需调用一次。但不要尝试在运行之间保存它,否则它会变得陈旧。
static void Main()
{
string command = "nmake";
string args = "";
Dictionary<string, string> buildEnvironment =
CaptureBuildEnvironment(100, "x86");
ProcessStartInfo info = new ProcessStartInfo();
// the search path from the adjusted environment doesn't seem
// to get used in Process.Start, but cmd will use it.
info.FileName = "cmd.exe";
info.Arguments = String.Format(
"/s /c \" \"{0}\" {1} \"",
command,
args
);
info.CreateNoWindow = true;
info.UseShellExecute = false;
info.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
info.RedirectStandardError = true;
foreach (var i in buildEnvironment)
{
info.EnvironmentVariables[(string)i.Key] = (string)i.Value;
}
using (Process p = Process.Start(info))
{
// do something with your process. If you're capturing standard output,
// you'll also need to capture standard error. Be careful to avoid the
// deadlock bug mentioned in the docs for
// ProcessStartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput.
}
}
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如果您使用它,请注意,如果 vcvarsall.bat 丢失或失败,它可能会严重死机,并且区域设置不是 en-US 的系统可能会出现问题。
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