如何围绕Pandas`DatetimeIndex`？

Question

我有一个pandas.DatetimeIndex,例如:

pd.date_range('2012-1-1 02:03:04.000',periods=3,freq='1ms')
>>> [2012-01-01 02:03:04, ..., 2012-01-01 02:03:04.002000]

我想将日期舍入Timestamp到最接近的秒.我怎么做？预期结果类似于:

[2012-01-01 02:03:04.000000, ..., 2012-01-01 02:03:04.000000]

是否有可能通过将Numpy四舍五入datetime64[ns]到几秒而不改变dtype [ns]？

np.array(['2012-01-02 00:00:00.001'],dtype='datetime64[ns]')

Answer 1

更新:如果您对DatetimeIndex/datetime64列执行此操作,更好的方法是np.round直接使用而不是通过apply/map:

np.round(dtindex_or_datetime_col.astype(np.int64), -9).astype('datetime64[ns]')

旧答案(有更多解释):

虽然@Matti的答案显然是处理你的情况的正确方法,但我想我会添加一个答案,你可以如何将时间戳四舍五入到最接近的秒:

from pandas.lib import Timestamp

t1 = Timestamp('2012-1-1 00:00:00')
t2 = Timestamp('2012-1-1 00:00:00.000333')

In [4]: t1
Out[4]: <Timestamp: 2012-01-01 00:00:00>

In [5]: t2
Out[5]: <Timestamp: 2012-01-01 00:00:00.000333>

In [6]: t2.microsecond
Out[6]: 333

In [7]: t1.value
Out[7]: 1325376000000000000L

In [8]: t2.value
Out[8]: 1325376000000333000L

# Alternatively: t2.value - t2.value % 1000000000
In [9]: long(round(t2.value, -9)) # round milli-, micro- and nano-seconds
Out[9]: 1325376000000000000L

In [10]: Timestamp(long(round(t2.value, -9)))
Out[10]: <Timestamp: 2012-01-01 00:00:00>

因此,您可以将其应用于整个索引:

def to_the_second(ts):
    return Timestamp(long(round(ts.value, -9)))

dtindex.map(to_the_second)

Answer 2

round()对于DatetimeIndex,时间戳,和TimedeltaIndex在Timedelta大熊猫0.18.0加入方法.现在我们可以做到以下几点:

In[114]: index = pd.DatetimeIndex([pd.Timestamp('2012-01-01 02:03:04.000'), pd.Timestamp('2012-01-01 02:03:04.002'), pd.Timestamp('20130712 02:03:04.500'), pd.Timestamp('2012-01-01 02:03:04.501')])

In[115]: index.values
Out[115]: 
array(['2012-01-01T02:03:04.000000000', '2012-01-01T02:03:04.002000000',
       '2013-07-12T02:03:04.500000000', '2012-01-01T02:03:04.501000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

In[116]: index.round('S')
Out[116]: 
DatetimeIndex(['2012-01-01 02:03:04', '2012-01-01 02:03:04',
               '2013-07-12 02:03:04', '2012-01-01 02:03:05'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None)

round()接受频率参数.此处列出了它的字符串别名.