如何在Python中格式化文本,就像在Illustrator中一样？

Question

我期待实现几个功能,以增加我的程序的输出.我想将一列文本的背景设置为某种颜色,以便列更清楚地归属于一起.

一张图片胜过千言万语:我想转换这个:

Pos.  :123456789012345
Name. :ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO  
Str.  :SOMESTRINGSOMET  <---- indented by half a row, Column number superscripted
Str.  :SOM       SOMET
Str.  :SOMESTRIN    ET

对此:

我怎么能用python做到这一点？是否有一个框架可以让我这样做？我把它转换成了乳胶,但我不能让上标数字起作用.它们需要在文本之上,但不能充当角色,因为图片的列之间存在关系.

示例:A位于位置1.它具有属性S和O,这就是为什么它位于这两个之上,这就是为什么存在半个字符的缩进.S有上标170,T有上标185.

特别难的也是Str部分被半个字符移动的部分.我想有一个例子可以集成到我的程序中.

Answer 1

考虑使用等宽字体，可以提出棘手的解决方案，这可能会解决您的问题。但他们只是在等待失败。您帖子中的灰色列可以完全按照您的图中添加，但我选择不改变字母中的颜色（只是因为我发现这种方式更具可读性）。

以下是 PIL 可能提出的一些内容：

稍微改变一下字体：

接下来是更“严重”的字体更改，全部按原样使用代码生成。

  

接下来是生成这些数字的代码。我并没有真正把它做得很好，它可以在很多方面进行改进。将此视为您可能需要采取哪些措施才能解决您的问题的示例。要使用任何类型的字体，您将需要一个实际的排版系统，例如 LaTeX。

import sys
import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont


# Assumption: some other piece of code separates the data in the following
# format.
line1 = [("Pos.  :", 0), ("123456789012345", 0)]
line2 = [("Name. :", 0), ("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO", 0)]
line3 = [("Str.  ", 0), (":", -0.5), ("SOMESTRINGSOMEST", -0.5)]
line4 = [("Wave 1:", 0), ("_XXXX_X____X_X_", 0)]
line5 = [("Wave 2:", 0), ("__XX_XXX_X__X_X", 0)]
line_data = [line1, line2, line3, line4, line5]
# Texts to draw over the last element, in specific positions,
# of lines present in line_data.
subscript = {
        2: { # Meaning: third item in line_data
            0: "170",  # Meaning: draw "170" over the first char
            len(line3[-1][0]) - 1: "185", # Draw "185" over the last char
            7: "180",   # Meaning: draw "180" over the eight char
           },
        4: {5: "hi"},
        3: {6: "ops"}
        }

# If the following fonts are not mono spaced, you are going to suffer.
#
# Normal font.
font = ImageFont.truetype('FreeMono.ttf', 40)
# Font for subscript.
font_tiny = ImageFont.truetype('FreeMono.ttf', 20)


im = Image.new("RGBA", (1000, 1000), 'white')
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
line_offset = 4
start_y = 6

width_A, height_A = font.getsize('A')
_, height_tiny_A = font_tiny.getsize('A')

# Collect even columns from the last item of list line1.
even_columns = []
x = 0
for i, (text, _) in enumerate(line1):
    for j, letter in enumerate(text):
        if i == len(line1) - 1 and not j % 2:
            even_columns.append(x)
        x += width_A

# Write all lines.
width = 0
l_start_y = start_y
for di, data in enumerate(line_data):
    x = 0
    for i, (text, xoff) in enumerate(data):
        for j, letter in enumerate(text):
            # Apply x offset.
            extra = width_A * xoff
            draw.text((x + extra, l_start_y), letter, font=font, fill='black')
            x += width_A
    width = max(x, width)
    l_start_y += height_A + line_offset

# Collect letter positions from the lines that will have subscripts.
letter_pos = {}
for k in subscript:
    letter_pos[k] = {}
    x = sum(len(text) for text, _ in line_data[k][:-1]) * width_A
    text, xoff = line_data[k][-1]
    for i in range(len(text)):
        extra = width_A * xoff
        letter_pos[k][i] = x + extra
        x += width_A
# Write all subscripts.
for k, v in subscript.items():
    line = line_data[k]
    for pos, text in v.items():
        x = letter_pos[k][pos]
        y = start_y + (line_offset + height_A) * k
        y -= height_tiny_A * 0.4 # XXX A poor heuristic that worked here.
        draw.text((x, y), text, font=font_tiny, fill='black')
        width = max(width, int(x + font_tiny.getsize(text)[0]))

# Draw grey columns.
columns = Image.new(im.mode, im.size, 'white')
mask = Image.new("L", im.size, 'white')
for x in even_columns:
    columns.paste((128, 128, 128), (x, line_offset, x + width_A, l_start_y))
    mask.paste(164, (x, line_offset, x + width_A, l_start_y), )
im = Image.composite(im, columns, mask)

# Crop and save the resulting image.
im.crop((0, 0, width, l_start_y + 2)).save(sys.argv[1])