多线程文件上载同步

VGe*_*iev 18 delphi macos upload multithreading firemonkey

目前我正在使用Delphi XE3客户端/服务器应用程序来传输文件(使用Indy FTP组件).客户端部分监视文件夹,获取内部文件列表,将它们上载到服务器并删除原始文件.上传由一个单独的线程完成,该线程逐个处理文件.文件的范围从0到几千,它们的大小也有很大差异.

它是为OSX和Windows编译的Firemonkey应用程序,因此我不得不使用TThread而不是OmniThreadLibrary,这是我更喜欢的.我的客户报告该应用程序随机冻结.我无法复制它,但由于我对TThread没有那么多经验,我可能会把死锁条件放在某处.我读了很多例子,但我仍然不确定一些多线程的细节.

应用程序结构很简单:
主线程中的计时器检查文件夹并将每个文件的信息获取到记录中,该记录进入通用TList.此列表保留有关文件名称,大小,进度,文件是完全上载还是必须重试的信息.所有显示在带有进度条等的网格中.此列表仅由主线程访问.之后,通过调用AddFile方法(下面的代码)将列表中的项目发送到线程.该线程将所有文件存储在一个线程安全的队列中,如下所示http://delphihaven.wordpress.com/2011/05/06/using-tmonitor-2/
上传文件时,上传者线程通知主线程调用同步.
主线程定期调用Uploader.GetProgress方法来检查当前文件进度并显示它.这个函数实际上不是线程安全的,但它可能导致死锁,还是只返回错误的数据?

什么是安全有效的进度检查方法?

那么这种方法还可以,或者我错过了什么?你会怎么做?
例如,我虽然只是为了阅读文件夹内容而创建一个新线程.这意味着我使用的TList必须是线程安全的,但必须始终访问它以刷新GUI网格中显示的信息.不是所有的同步都会降低GUI的速度吗?

我已经发布了下面的简化代码,以防有人想看一下.如果没有,我会很高兴听到一些关于我应该使用的一般意见.主要目标是在OSX和Windows上工作; 能够显示有关所有文件的信息和当前文件的进度; 并且无论文件的数量和大小如何都要响应.

这是上传者线程的代码.我删除了一些以便于阅读:

type
  TFileStatus = (fsToBeQueued, fsUploaded, fsQueued);
  TFileInfo = record
    ID: Integer;
    Path: String;
    Size: Int64;
    UploadedSize: Int64;
    Status: TFileStatus;
  end;

  TUploader = class(TThread)
  private
    FTP: TIdFTP;
    fQueue: TThreadedQueue<TFileInfo>;
    fCurrentFile: TFileInfo;
    FUploading: Boolean;
    procedure ConnectFTP;
    function UploadFile(aFileInfo: TFileInfo): String;
    procedure OnFTPWork(ASender: TObject; AWorkMode: TWorkMode; AWorkCount: Int64);
    procedure SignalComplete;
    procedure SignalError(aError: String);
  protected
    procedure Execute; override;
  public
    property Uploading: Boolean read FUploading;
    constructor Create;
    destructor Destroy; override;
    procedure Terminate;
    procedure AddFile(const aFileInfo: TFileInfo);
    function GetProgress: TFileInfo;
  end;

procedure TUploader.AddFile(const aFileInfo: TFileInfo);
begin
  fQueue.Enqueue(aFileInfo);
end;

procedure TUploader.ConnectFTP;
begin
  ...
    FTP.Connect;
end;

constructor TUploader.Create;
begin
  inherited Create(false);
  FreeOnTerminate := false;
  fQueue := TThreadedQueue<TFileInfo>.Create;
  // Create the TIdFTP and set ports and other params
  ...
end;

destructor TUploader.Destroy;
begin
  fQueue.Close;
  fQueue.Free;
  FTP.Free;
  inherited;
end;

// Process the whole queue and inform the main thread of the progress
procedure TUploader.Execute;
var
  Temp: TFileInfo;
begin
  try
    ConnectFTP;
  except
    on E: Exception do
      SignalError(E.Message);
  end;

  // Use Peek instead of Dequeue, because the item should not be removed from the queue if it fails
  while fQueue.Peek(fCurrentFile) = wrSignaled do
    try
      if UploadFile(fCurrentFile) = '' then
      begin
        fQueue.Dequeue(Temp);  // Delete the item from the queue if succesful
        SignalComplete;
      end;
    except
      on E: Exception do
        SignalError(E.Message);
    end;
end;

// Return the current file's info to the main thread. Used to update the progress indicators
function TUploader.GetProgress: TFileInfo;
begin
  Result := fCurrentFile;
end;

// Update the uploaded size for the current file. This information is retrieved by a timer from the main thread to update the progress bar
procedure TUploader.OnFTPWork(ASender: TObject; AWorkMode: TWorkMode; AWorkCount: Int64);
begin
  fCurrentFile.UploadedSize := AWorkCount;
end;

procedure TUploader.SignalComplete;
begin
  Synchronize(
    procedure
    begin
      frmClientMain.OnCompleteFile(fCurrentFile);
    end);
end;

procedure TUploader.SignalError(aError: String);
begin
  try
    FTP.Disconnect;
  except
  end;
  if fQueue.Closed then
    Exit;

  Synchronize(
    procedure
    begin
      frmClientMain.OnUploadError(aError);
    end);
end;

// Clear the queue and terminate the thread
procedure TUploader.Terminate;
begin
  fQueue.Close;
  inherited;
end;

function TUploader.UploadFile(aFileInfo: TFileInfo): String;
begin
  Result := 'Error';
  try
    if not FTP.Connected then
      ConnectFTP;
    FUploading := true;
    FTP.Put(aFileInfo.Path, ExtractFileName(aFileInfo.Path));     
    Result := '';
  finally
    FUploading := false;
  end;
end;
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以及与上传器交互的主线程的一部分:

......
// Main form
    fUniqueID: Integer;  // This is a unique number given to each file, because there might be several with the same names(after one is uploaded and deleted)
    fUploader: TUploader;         // The uploader thread
    fFiles: TList<TFileInfo>;
    fCurrentFileName: String;     // Used to display the progress
    function IndexOfFile(aID: Integer): Integer;    //Return the index of the record inside the fFiles given the file ID
  public
    procedure OnCompleteFile(aFileInfo: TFileInfo);
    procedure OnUploadError(aError: String);
  end;

// This is called by the uploader with Synchronize
procedure TfrmClientMain.OnUploadError(aError: String);
begin
  // show and log the error
end;

// This is called by the uploader with Synchronize
procedure TfrmClientMain.OnCompleteFile(aFileInfo: TFileInfo);
var
  I: Integer;
begin
  I := IndexOfFile(aFileInfo.ID);
  if (I >= 0) and (I < fFiles.Count) then
  begin
    aFileInfo.Status := fsUploaded;
    aFileInfo.UploadedSize := aFileInfo.Size;
    FFiles.Items[I] := aFileInfo;
    Inc(FFilesUploaded);
    TFile.Delete(aFileInfo.Path);
    colProgressImg.UpdateCell(I);
  end;
end;

procedure TfrmClientMain.ProcessFolder;
var
  NewFiles: TStringDynArray;
  I, J: Integer;
  FileInfo: TFileInfo;
begin
    // Remove completed files from the list if it contains more than XX files
    while FFiles.Count > 1000 do
      if FFiles[0].Status = fsUploaded then
      begin
        Dec(FFilesUploaded);
        FFiles.Delete(0);
      end else
        Break;

    NewFiles := TDirectory.GetFiles(WatchFolder, '*.*',TSearchOption.soAllDirectories);
    for I := 0 to Length(NewFiles) - 1 do
    begin
          FileInfo.ID := FUniqueID;
          Inc(FUniqueID);
          FileInfo.Path := NewFiles[I];
          FileInfo.Size := GetFileSizeByName(NewFiles[I]);
          FileInfo.UploadedSize := 0;
          FileInfo.Status := fsToBeQueued;
          FFiles.Add(FileInfo);

      if (I mod 100) = 0 then
      begin
        UpdateStatusLabel;
        grFiles.RowCount := FFiles.Count;
        Application.ProcessMessages;
        if fUploader = nil then
          break;
      end;
    end;

    // Send the new files and resend failed to the uploader thread
    for I := 0 to FFiles.Count - 1 do
      if (FFiles[I].Status = fsToBeQueued) then
      begin
        if fUploader = nil then
          Break;
        FileInfo := FFiles[I];
        FileInfo.Status := fsQueued;
        FFiles[I] := FileInfo;
        SaveDebug(1, 'Add:    ' + ExtractFileName(FFiles[I].Path));
        FUploader.AddFile(FFiles[I]);
      end;
end;

procedure TfrmClientMain.tmrGUITimer(Sender: TObject);
var
  FileInfo: TFileInfo;
  I: Integer;
begin
  if (fUploader = nil) or not fUploader.Uploading then
    Exit;
  FileInfo := fUploader.GetProgress;
  I := IndexOfFile(FileInfo.ID);
  if (I >= 0) and (I < fFiles.Count) then
  begin
    fFiles.Items[I] := FileInfo;
    fCurrentFileName := ExtractFileName(FileInfo.Path);
    colProgressImg.UpdateCell(I);
  end;
end;

function TfrmClientMain.IndexOfFile(aID: Integer): Integer;
var
  I: Integer;
begin
  Result := -1;
  for I := 0 to FFiles.Count - 1 do
    if FFiles[I].ID = aID then
      Exit(I);
end;
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Pet*_*ham 1

这可能不是问题,但 TFileInfo 是一条记录。

这意味着当作为(非 const/var)参数传递时,它会被复制。这可能会导致记录中的字符串等问题,在复制记录时,引用计数不会更新。

要尝试的一件事是使其成为一个类并传递一个实例作为参数(即指向堆上数据的指针)。

其他需要注意的是线程 32 位系统上的共享 Int64(例如您的大小值)。

更新/读取这些内容不是以原子方式完成的,并且您没有任何特定的保护,因此读取值可能会由于线程而导致高位和低位 32 位不匹配。(例如读取高32位,写入高32位,写入低32位,读取低32位,在不同线程中读取和写入)。这可能不会导致您所看到的问题,除非您正在处理 > 4GB 的文件传输,否则不太可能导致任何问题。