从文本文件的行中提取数据

Question

我需要从文本文件的行中提取数据.数据是名称和评分信息,格式如下:

Shyvana - 12/4/5 - Loss - 2012-11-22
Fizz - 12/4/5 - Win - 2012-11-22
Miss Fortune - 12/4/3 - Win - 2012-11-22

这个文件是由我的小python程序的另一部分生成的,我要求用户输入名称,查找他们输入的名称以确保它从名单列表中有效,然后询问杀戮,死亡,助攻以及他们是否赢了还是丢了 然后我要求确认并将该数据写入新行的文件中,并将日期附加到最后.准备该数据的代码:

data = "%s - %s/%s/%s - %s - %s\n" % (
        champname, kills, deaths, assists, winloss, timestamp)

基本上我想在程序的另一部分中读取该数据并将其显示给用户,并对其进行计算,例如特定名称随时间的平均值.

我是python的新手,而且我对编程一般都不是很有经验,所以我找到的大部分字符串拆分和格式化示例对我来说太过神秘了解如何适应我在这里需要的东西,任何人都可以帮助？我可以不同地格式化写入的数据,因此令牌查找会更简单,但我希望它在文件中直接简单.

Answer 1

以下内容将所有内容读入由播放器名称键入的字典中.与每个播放器相关联的值本身是充当记录的字典,其具有与转换为适于进一步处理的格式的项相关联的命名字段.

info = {}
with open('scoring_info.txt') as input_file:
    for line in input_file:
        player, stats, outcome, date = (
            item.strip() for item in line.split('-', 3))
        stats = dict(zip(('kills', 'deaths', 'assists'),
                          map(int, stats.split('/'))))
        date = tuple(map(int, date.split('-')))
        info[player] = dict(zip(('stats', 'outcome', 'date'),
                                (stats, outcome, date)))

print('info:')
for player, record in info.items():
    print('  player %r:' % player)
    for field, value in record.items():
        print('    %s: %s' % (field, value))

# sample usage
player = 'Fizz'
print('\n%s had %s kills in the game' % (player, info[player]['stats']['kills']))

输出:

info:
  player 'Shyvana':
    date: (2012, 11, 22)
    outcome: Loss
    stats: {'assists': 5, 'kills': 12, 'deaths': 4}
  player 'Miss Fortune':
    date: (2012, 11, 22)
    outcome: Win
    stats: {'assists': 3, 'kills': 12, 'deaths': 4}
  player 'Fizz':
    date: (2012, 11, 22)
    outcome: Win
    stats: {'assists': 5, 'kills': 12, 'deaths': 4}

Fizz had 12 kills in the game

或者,不是将大部分数据保存在字典中,这可能会使嵌套字段访问变得有点尴尬info[player]['stats']['kills']- 您可以使用更高级的"通用"类来保存它们,这样可以让您编写代码info2[player].stats.kills.

为了说明,使用我命名的类几乎是一样的,Struct因为它有点像C语言的struct数据类型:

class Struct(object):
    """ Generic container object """
    def __init__(self, **kwds): # keyword args define attribute names and values
        self.__dict__.update(**kwds)

info2 = {}
with open('scoring_info.txt') as input_file:
    for line in input_file:
        player, stats, outcome, date = (
            item.strip() for item in line.split('-', 3))
        stats = dict(zip(('kills', 'deaths', 'assists'),
                          map(int, stats.split('/'))))
        victory = (outcome.lower() == 'win') # change to boolean T/F
        date = dict(zip(('year','month','day'), map(int, date.split('-'))))
        info2[player] = Struct(champ_name=player, stats=Struct(**stats),
                               victory=victory, date=Struct(**date))
print('info2:')
for rec in info2.values():
    print('  player %r:' % rec.champ_name)
    print('    stats: kills=%s, deaths=%s, assists=%s' % (
          rec.stats.kills, rec.stats.deaths, rec.stats.assists))
    print('    victorious: %s' % rec.victory)
    print('    date: %d-%02d-%02d' % (rec.date.year, rec.date.month, rec.date.day))

# sample usage
player = 'Fizz'
print('\n%s had %s kills in the game' % (player, info2[player].stats.kills))

输出:

info2:
  player 'Shyvana':
    stats: kills=12, deaths=4, assists=5
    victorious: False
    date: 2012-11-22
  player 'Miss Fortune':
    stats: kills=12, deaths=4, assists=3
    victorious: True
    date: 2012-11-22
  player 'Fizz':
    stats: kills=12, deaths=4, assists=5
    victorious: True
    date: 2012-11-22

Fizz had 12 kills in the game