Django处理表单的方式？

Question

我正在将一个项目放在一起,并尝试尽可能多地利用开源库,以最大限度地减少完成任务所涉及的"打字".我正在使用django,crispy-forms和bootstrap框架.

我已经编写了处理一个实体的代码(添加/编辑/删除),感觉我一定做错了,因为似乎涉及的代码太多了 - 有20多个不同的项目将以相同的方式进行管理所以我想在我开始完成剩下的代码之前,我会向社区提出我可以解决的错误.

所以我有一个模型:

class Link(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=False, null=False, verbose_name=_(u'????????'))
    url = models.URLField(blank=False, null=False, verbose_name=_(u'??????'))
    project = models.ForeignKey('Project')
    display_on_main_project_page = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name=_(u'?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????'))

    class Meta:
        app_label = 'core'
        verbose_name = _(u'??????')
        verbose_name_plural = _(u'??????')

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

并根据手册添加了一个带有酥脆位的表格:

class ProjectLinkForm(forms.Form):
    id = forms.IntegerField(required=False, widget=forms.HiddenInput())
    project = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=Project.objects.all(),required=True, widget=forms.HiddenInput())
    name = forms.CharField(required=True, label=_(u'??? ??????'))
    url = forms.URLField(required=True, label=_(u'URL ??????'))
    display_on_main_project_page = forms.BooleanField(label=_(u'?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????'), required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = Link
        fields = ('project','name','url','display_on_main_project_page')

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.helper = FormHelper()
        self.helper.form_class = 'horizontal-form'
        self.helper.form_action = ''
        self.helper.form_id = 'link_form'
        self.helper.layout = Layout(
            Field('name',css_class='input-block-level'),
            Field('url', css_class='input-block-level')
        )
        super(ProjectLinkForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

和配置为提供操作的网址:

url(r'^forms/link/add/(?P<project_id>\d+)/$','core.views.forms.link.add'),
url(r'^forms/link/edit/(?P<link_id>\d+)/$','core.views.forms.link.edit'),
url(r'^forms/link/delete/(?P<link_id>\d+)/$','core.views.forms.link.delete'),

和观点(以添加为例):

@login_required
def add(request, project_id):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = ProjectLinkForm(initial={'project':project_id})
        form.action = 'add'
        form.submit_url = request.path
        return render_to_response('core/forms/project_link.html',{'form':form,'links_form_title':_(u'???????? ??????')},context_instance=RequestContext(request))
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        form = ProjectLinkForm(request.POST)
        form.action = 'add'
        form.submit_url = request.path
        if form.is_valid():
            try:
                new_link = Link()
                new_link.name = form.cleaned_data['name']
                new_link.url = form.cleaned_data['url']
                new_link.project = form.cleaned_data['project']
                new_link.display_on_main_project_page = form.cleaned_data['display_on_main_project_page']
                new_link.save()
                return HttpResponse(status=http_statuses.SAVED, content="saved")
            except Exception as e:
                return HttpResponse(status=http_statuses.SERVER_ERROR, content=e.message)
        else:
            return render_to_response('core/forms/project_link.html',{'form':form,'links_form_title':_(u'???????? ??????')},context_instance=RequestContext(request))

    #not POST or GET
    else:
        return HttpResponse(status=http_statuses.METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED,content=_(u'???????????? ??? ???????'))

有一个模板用于所有操作:

{% load crispy_forms_tags %}
<div class="modal-header">
    <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">&times;</button>
    <h3>{{ links_form_title|default:"?????? ?? ??????" }}</h3>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
    <p>
        {% if form.action == "delete" %}
            ???????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? "{{ form.name.value }}"? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ? ??? - ?? ???????!
            <div class="hide">
                {% crispy form %}
            </div>
        {% else %}
            {% crispy form %}
        {% endif %}
    </p>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
    {% if form.action == "delete" %}
        <a href="#" class="btn btn-danger" id="" onclick='SubmitModalForm($("#link_form"),"{{ form.submit_url }}")'>???????</a>
    {% else %}
    <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary" id="" onclick='SubmitModalForm($("#link_form"),"{{ form.submit_url }}")'>?????????</a>
    {% endif %}
</div>

和一些JavaScript代码来处理所有窗体的弹出窗口:

function LoadModalForm(url){
        $("#dynamic_project_forms").html("").load(url).modal();
    }

    function SubmitModalForm(the_form,submit_url){
        $.ajax({
            type:'POST',
            url:submit_url,
            data: $(the_form).serialize(),
            complete: function(e, xhr, settings){
                if(e.status == 201){//HTTP.STATUS.SAVED
                    $("#dynamic_project_forms").modal('hide');
                    $(activeTab.hash).load('/api/get_project_tab/'+activeTab.hash.replace('#','')+'/{{ project.id }}/');
                }
                else{
                    $("#dynamic_project_forms").html(e.responseText);
                    alert('loaded fucking response');
                }
            }
        });
    }

它确实有效,但打字太多了 - 我想我错过了一些东西或者没有找到正确的东西 - 请建议正确的方法.

Answer 1

您可以轻松地删除一半代码.

您错过了模型和通用视图.

你可以有这样的网址:

from django.views import generic


urlpatterns = patterns('test_app.views',
    url(r'link/create/$', generic.CreateView.as_view(model=Link),
        name='link_create'),
    url(r'link/(?P<pk>\d+)/update/$', generic.UpdateView.as_view(model=Link),
        name='link_update'),
    url(r'link/(?P<pk>\d+)/delete/$', generic.DeleteView.as_view(model=Link),
        name='link_delete'),

    # bonus:
    url(r'link/$', generic.ListView.as_view(model=Link), name='link_list'),
    url(r'link/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', generic.DetailView.as_view(model=Link),
        name='link_detail'),
)

但它不支持AJAX就像你在默认情况下-但是你可以扩展CreateView UpdateView和DeleteView做来支持您的JavaScript所需要的小覆盖.例如,我在一个项目中有这个:

class AjaxDeleteView(generic.DeleteView):
    # now that I think of it, this could just be a DetailView ... oh well
    http_method_names = ['post']

    def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.get_object().delete()
        return http.HttpResponse('', status=204)


class AjaxFormMixin(object):
    def form_valid(self, form):
        if form.instance.pk:
            status = 204
        else:
            status = 201

        self.object = form.save()
        return http.HttpResponse(self.object.pk, status=status)

扩展Django通用视图的其他一些示例:

class PkUrlKwarg(SingleObjectMixin):
    """
    Take the pk from request.GET and sets it to kwargs, useful to avoid
    reversing urls from javascript
    """
    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        self.kwargs[self.pk_url_kwarg] = self.request.REQUEST['pk']
        return super(PkUrlKwarg, self).get_object(queryset)


class WidgetFormMixin(object):
    def get_form(self, form_class):
        # [snip] ok there's quite a lot (11 SLOCs) going on here in my case, since Widget* views are
        # supposed to deal with any subclass of Widget
        return self.object.configuration_form_instance(self.request)

    def get_template_names(self):
        widget_name = self.object.__class__.__name__

        return [
            'form_designer/widget_forms/%s.html' % widget_name,
            'form_designer/widget_form.html',
        ]


class WidgetSecurity(object):
    """
    Return a queryset of Widget that have a tab in a form which author is
    request.user.  For security.
    """
    def get_queryset(self):
        return Widget.objects.filter(tab__form__author=self.request.user)

Finnaly,我的CRUD视图,有很多非默认值和或多或少复杂的逻辑,但仍然只有很少的代码行:

class WidgetCreateView(WidgetFormMixin, AjaxFormMixin, generic.CreateView):
    form_class = WidgetForm  # overridden by WidgetFormMixin.get_form, but make django happy


class WidgetUpdateView(PkUrlKwarg, WidgetSecurity, WidgetFormMixin, AjaxFormMixin, generic.UpdateView):
    form_class = WidgetForm  # overridden by WidgetFormMixin.get_form


class WidgetDeleteView(PkUrlKwarg, WidgetSecurity, AjaxDeleteView):
    pass

这可能不是最好的答案,但它应该明确地让你走上正轨,并激励你.

另请注意,您还应在模型中定义get_absolute_url().

为了记录,网址:

url(r'widget/create/$',
    login_required(WidgetCreateView.as_view()),
    name='form_designer_widget_create'),
# the following views accept 'pk' as URL/GET argument
# this avoids reversing urls from javascript at the cost of a 4-liner mixin
url(r'widget/update/$',
    login_required(WidgetUpdateView.as_view()),
    name='form_designer_widget_update'),
url(r'widget/delete/$',
    login_required(WidgetDeleteView.as_view()),
    name='form_designer_widget_delete'),