单元测试JPA/Hibernate:没有EntityManager的持久性提供程序

Question

我想为我的项目启用单元测试.我创建了如下结构.

目录结构

.
??? pom.xml
??? src
?   ??? main
?   ?   ??? java
?   ?   ??? resources
?   ?       ??? META-INF
?   ?       ?   ??? beans.xml        <-- Works fine in live
?   ?       ?   ??? persistence.xml  <-- Works fine in live
?   ??? test
?       ??? java
?       ?   ??? com
?       ?   ?   ??? test
?       ?   ?       ??? model
?       ?   ?           ??? TestEntityManagerUtil.java
?       ?   ?           ??? TestHibernate.java
?       ??? resources
?           ??? META-INF
?           ?   ??? beans.xml
?           ?   ??? persistence.xml

码

persistence.xml中

<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="2.0"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">
    <persistence-unit name="test" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">

        <description>TEST Persistence Unit</description>
        <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>

        <properties>

            <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
            <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:mysql://XXX:3306/X" />
            <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="X" />
            <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="X" />

            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
            <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true" />
            <property name="hibernate.transaction.flush_before_completion" value="true" />
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

TestEntityManagerUtil.java

public class TestEntityManagerUtil {
    public static EntityManagerFactory getEntityManagerFactory(){
        return Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("test");
    }
}

TestHibernate.java

public class TestHibernate {

    private EntityManager em;

    @Before
    public void beforeEach(){
        // Exception occurs here
        em = TestEntityManagerUtil.getEntityManagerFactory().createEntityManager();
    }

    @After
    ....

    @Test
    ....
}

例外

javax.persistence.PersistenceException: No Persistence provider for EntityManager named test
    at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:69)
    at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:47)
    at com.wellclub.model.TestEntityManagerUtil.getEntityManagerFactory(TestEntityManagerUtil.java:12)
    at com.wellclub.model.TestHibernate.beforeEach(TestHibernate.java:24)

测试persistence.xml在target/test-clases目录中按原样展开.

任何人都可以帮助我,我会做错.

Answer 1

请查看Maven POM中的JPA实现库(Hibernate)依赖项.

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
  <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
  <version>${hibernate-core-version}</version>
</dependency>'

否则在非Maven项目中添加hibernate-entityManager.jar

编辑:

请注意,您使用的JBoss示例是一个EE应用程序,它使用CDI注入来获取EntityManager.一个主要的误解是假设JUnit测试在EE应用程序中是可操作的......不,JUnit测试既不能运行JBoss容器也不能部署你的项目.你可以参考http://arquillian.org/invasion/并注意JBoss的arquillian测试示例

换句话说,您的JUnit是测试EntityManager的SE方式,它在JBoss等应用服务器中无法运行.