使用sed或awk重复提取两个字符串之间的文本？

Question

我有一个名为'plainlinks'的文件,如下所示:

13080. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94092-2012.gz
13081. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94094-2012.gz
13082. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94096-2012.gz
13083. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94097-2012.gz
13084. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94098-2012.gz
13085. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94644-2012.gz
13086. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94645-2012.gz
13087. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94995-2012.gz
13088. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94996-2012.gz
13089. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-96404-2012.gz

我需要生成如下所示的输出:

999999-94092
999999-94094
999999-94096
999999-94097
999999-94098
999999-94644
999999-94645
999999-94995
999999-94996
999999-96404

Answer 1

使用sed:

sed -E 's/.*\/(.*)-.*/\1/' plainlinks

输出:

999999-94092
999999-94094
999999-94096
999999-94097
999999-94098
999999-94644
999999-94645
999999-94995
999999-94996
999999-96404

要将更改保存到文件,请使用以下-i选项:

sed -Ei 's/.*\/(.*)-.*/\1/' plainlinks

或者保存到新文件然后重定向:

sed -E 's/.*\/(.*)-.*/\1/' plainlinks > newfile.txt

说明:

s/    # subsitution
.*    # match anything
\/    # upto the last forward-slash (escaped to not confused a sed)
(.*)  # anything after the last forward-slash (captured in brackets)
-     # upto a hypen
.*    # anything else left on line
/     # end match; start replace 
\1    # the value captured in the first (only) set of brackets
/     # end

Answer 2

纯娱乐.

awk -F\/ '{print substr($7,0,12)}' plainlinks

或者 grep

grep -Eo '[0-9]{6}-[0-9]{5}' plainlinks