Fys*_*ysx 9 f# scala pattern-matching active-pattern extractor
Scala中是否存在允许提取器采用自定义参数的语法?这个例子有点人为.假设我在整数上有一个二叉搜索树,如果它的值可以被某个自定义值整除,我想匹配当前节点.
使用F#活动模式,我可以执行以下操作:
type Tree =
| Node of int * Tree * Tree
| Empty
let (|NodeDivisibleBy|_|) x t =
match t with
| Empty -> None
| Node(y, l, r) -> if y % x = 0 then Some((l, r)) else None
let doit = function
| NodeDivisibleBy(2)(l, r) -> printfn "Matched two: %A %A" l r
| NodeDivisibleBy(3)(l, r) -> printfn "Matched three: %A %A" l r
| _ -> printfn "Nada"
[<EntryPoint>]
let main args =
let t10 = Node(10, Node(1, Empty, Empty), Empty)
let t15 = Node(15, Node(1, Empty, Empty), Empty)
doit t10
doit t15
0
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
在Scala中,我可以做类似的事情,但不是我想要的:
sealed trait Tree
case object Empty extends Tree
case class Node(v: Int, l: Tree, r: Tree) extends Tree
object NodeDivisibleBy {
def apply(x: Int) = new {
def unapply(t: Tree) = t match {
case Empty => None
case Node(y, l, r) => if (y % x == 0) Some((l, r)) else None
}
}
}
def doit(t: Tree) {
// I would prefer to not need these two lines.
val NodeDivisibleBy2 = NodeDivisibleBy(2)
val NodeDivisibleBy3 = NodeDivisibleBy(3)
t match {
case NodeDivisibleBy2(l, r) => println("Matched two: " + l + " " + r)
case NodeDivisibleBy3(l, r) => println("Matched three: " + l + " " + r)
case _ => println("Nada")
}
}
val t10 = Node(10, Node(1, Empty, Empty), Empty)
val t15 = Node(15, Node(1, Empty, Empty), Empty)
doit(t10)
doit(t15)
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
如果我能这样做会很棒:
case NodeDivisibleBy(2)(l, r) => println("Matched two: " + l + " " + r)
case NodeDivisibleBy(3)(l, r) => println("Matched three: " + l + " " + r)
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
但这是一个编译时错误:'=>'预期但是'('找到了.
思考?
从规格:
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)SimplePattern ::= StableId ‘(’ [Patterns] ‘)’提取器模式x(p1,...,pn),其中n≥0与构造函数模式具有相同的句法形式.但是,稳定标识符x表示一个对象,它具有一个名为
unapply或unapplySeq匹配该模式的成员方法,而不是一个案例类.
和:
甲稳定标识符是在标识符结束的路径.
即,不是表达式NodeDivisibleBy(2).
所以不,这在Scala中不可能以任何直接的方式进行,我个人认为这很好:必须编写以下内容(顺便说一下我可能在NodeDivisibleBy对象中定义并导入):
val NodeDivisibleBy2 = NodeDivisibleBy(2)
val NodeDivisibleBy3 = NodeDivisibleBy(3)
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
对于不必破解case子句中的任意表达式而言,增加的可读性是一个很小的代价.