程序进入无限循环C++

nee*_*eel 1 c++ operator-overloading file-handling

下面是我重载了">>"运算符的程序

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

class Student{
    public :
        string name;
        string entry_no;
};

class Science : public Student{
    public :
    float marks;
    void create_file();
    void highest();

    friend istream& operator >> (istream& input, Science& stud);
};

istream& operator >> ( istream& input, Science& stud){
    input >> stud.name;
    input >> stud.entry_no;
    input >> stud.marks;
    return input;
}
void Science::create_file(){
    ifstream file_read;

    file_read.open("student.txt");

    ofstream file_write;
    file_write.open("science.txt");
    string line;

    while(!file_read.eof()){
        getline(file_read,line,'\n');

        if(line.find("Science") != string::npos){
            file_write << line;
            file_write << '\n';
        }
    }
}

class Art : public Student{
    public :
    string marks;
    void create_file();
    void highest();
    friend istream& operator >> (istream& input, Art& stud);
};

istream& operator >> ( istream& input, Art& stud){
    input >> stud.name;
    input >> stud.entry_no;
    input >> stud.marks;
    return input;
}

void Art::create_file(){
    ifstream file_read;

    file_read.open("student.txt");

    ofstream file_write;
    file_write.open("art.txt");
    string line;

    while(!file_read.eof()){
        getline(file_read,line,'\n');

        if(line.find("Art") != string::npos){
            file_write << line;
            file_write << '\n';
        }
    }
    file_read.close();
    file_write.close();
}

void find_marks(){

    string entry_no;
    cout << "Enter entry_no of the student to find marks " << endl;
    cin >> entry_no;

    ifstream file_read;
    file_read.open("science.txt");
    string stud_entry;
    Science stud;
    bool found = false;
    if(file_read.is_open()){
        cout << (file_read >> stud) << endl;
    while( file_read >> stud ){
        cout << "hi";
        if(!entry_no.compare(stud.entry_no)){
            cout << stud.marks << endl;
            found = true;
            break;
        }
    }
    }
    else
        cout << "error in openning"<< endl;

    if(!found)
        cout << "this student does not exist" << endl;
}

int main(){
    Science science_stud;
    Art art_stud;

    science_stud.create_file();
    art_stud.create_file();
    find_marks();   
    return 0;
}
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这里while函数find_marks()中的循环如果entry_no不匹配则进入无限循环.谁能解释为什么会这样?

Die*_*ühl 7

测试eof()仅对确定是否要打印错误非常有用,因为之前的转换失败了.这是一个非常糟糕的循环条件:

  1. 它未必一定达成.例如,如果转换在某个时刻失败,则流将变为失败状态,在此状态下,它会拒绝提取更多字符,直到清除状态为止.
  2. std::ios_base::eofbit达到EOF时未设置该标志(至少不保证设置),但只有在尝试读取文件末尾时才能保证设置.因此,最后一组数据往往被处理两次.

正确的方法是在读取数据bool 使用转换:

while (file >> whatever) {
    ...
}
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如果您的C++教程建议您使用,eof()您可能应该刻录它并建议其他人不要购买副本(他们需要刻录).如果你的老师告诉你使用eof()- ......好吧,我的理解是燃烧的人已经过时了.你应该至少告诉他他错了.