将媒体从Heroku上传到Amazon S3

Question

Heroku和Amazon S3的新手,请耐心等待.将我的Django应用程序上传到Heroku,并且用户媒体上传时出现问题.模型如下:

#models.py
class Movie(models.Model):
    title           = models.CharField(max_length = 500)
    poster          = models.ImageField(upload_to = 'storages.backends.s3boto')
    pub_date        = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add = True)
    author          = models.ForeignKey(User)

poster属性是上传图像的属性.我在本地运行良好,现在在Heroku上有一个错误.所以我添加了'storages.backends.s3boto',正如许多其他帖子告诉我的那样.(不确定是否正确).

我的Settings.py文件现在看起来像这样,有点混乱:

#settings.py
PROJECT_ROOT   = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
PROJECT_DIR    = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, '../qanda')

DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE    = 'storages.backends.s3boto.S3BotoStorage'
STATICFILES_STORAGE     = 'storages.backends.s3boto.S3BotoStorage'

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID         = '****************'
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY     = '************'
AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME   = 'mrt-assets'
AWS_PRELOAD_METADATA      = True

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'qanda/media/movie_posters/)
MEDIA_URL = '/media'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'staticfiles')
STATIC_URL = 'https://mrt-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(PROJECT_DIR, 'static'),)

我的存储桶被称为mrt-assets,其中有2个静态文件夹(css,js,images和media.我现在不太担心静态文件,因为我已经将CSS/JS文件硬编码到我的HTML文件*,但如何将我的用户上传媒体(任何类型的图像)放入mrt-assets/media？

*虽然如果有人想帮助STATIC文件也会很棒.但用户上传媒体更为紧迫.

编辑(根据Yuji的评论):

尝试过多种选择,但都没有.我已经回去并删除了很多更改,现在这是我的设置

#settings.py
PROJECT_ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
MEDIA_ROOT = 'http://s3.amazonaws.com/mrt-assets/media/'
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
STATIC_ROOT = 'http://s3.amazonaws.com/mrt-assets/static/'
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX = STATIC_URL + 'admin/'
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, "templates"),)

#models.py
#same as before, but now have changed the poster directory
poster = models.ImageField().

不确定该怎么做,需要将我的Heroku应用程序连接到S3,以便在那里保存用户媒体上传.

现在已将我的S3 Bucket改为此版本

mrt-assets
    static
        css
        js
        images
    media
        (empty)

Answer 1

将媒体上传到<bucket>/media静态资产的技巧<bucket>/static是为两种资产类型创建两个不同的默认存​​储后端,或者使用带location参数的存储对象显式实例化模型字段.

使用自定义存储实例化模型字段

from storages.backends.s3boto import S3BotoStorage

class Movie(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=500)
    poster = models.ImageField(storage=S3BotoStorage(location='media'))
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User)

给S3BotoStorage一个location遗嘱所有上传的前缀与其路径.

为媒体和静态资产创建自定义存储后端

这几乎与显式定义带位置的存储后端相同,但我们将使用settings.MEDIA_ROOT并 settings.STATIC_ROOT全局应用路径前缀.

# settings.py
STATIC_ROOT = '/static/'
MEDIA_ROOT  = '/media/'

DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'app.storage.S3MediaStorage'
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'app.storage.S3StaticStorage'


# app/storage.py
from django.conf import settings
from storages.backends.s3boto import S3BotoStorage

class S3MediaStorage(S3BotoStorage):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        kwargs['location'] = kwargs.get('location', 
            settings.MEDIA_ROOT.replace('/', ''))
        super(S3MediaStorage, self).__init__(**kwargs)

class S3StaticStorage(S3BotoStorage):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        kwargs['location'] = kwargs.get('location', 
            settings.STATIC_ROOT.replace('/', ''))
        super(S3StaticStorage, self).__init__(**kwargs)

精炼它

您可以优化上面的代码,以利用 Heroku配置变量 使其更具可移植性:

# settings.py
import os
STATIC_ROOT = os.environ.get('STATIC_ROOT',
    os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'static'))

MEDIA_ROOT = os.environ.get('MEDIA_ROOT',
    os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'media'))

DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = os.environ.get('DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE', 
    'django.core.files.storage.FileSystemStorage')

STATICFILES_STORAGE = os.environ.get('STATICFILES_STORAGE', 
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage')

将上述设置与.env文件结合使用,您可以在本地使用默认存储后端进行开发和测试,在Heroku上部署时,您将自动切换到 app.storage.S3MediaStorage和app.storage.S3StaticStorage:

# .env
STATIC_ROOT=static
MEDIA_ROOT=media
DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE=app.storage.S3MediaStorage
STATICFILES_STORAGE=app.storage.S3StaticStorage