gluLookAt如何工作？

Question

根据我的理解,

gluLookAt(
        eye_x, eye_y, eye_z,
        center_x, center_y, center_z,   
        up_x, up_y, up_z
    );

相当于:

glRotatef(B, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glRotatef(A, wx, wy, wz);
glTranslatef(-eye_x, -eye_y, -eye_z);

但是当我打印出ModelView矩阵时,调用glTranslatef()似乎不能正常工作.这是代码片段:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>

#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

static const int Rx = 0;
static const int Ry = 1;
static const int Rz = 2;

static const int Ux = 4;
static const int Uy = 5;
static const int Uz = 6;

static const int Ax = 8;
static const int Ay = 9;
static const int Az = 10;

static const int Tx = 12;
static const int Ty = 13;
static const int Tz = 14;

void init() {
    glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
    glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
    glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
    GLfloat lmodel_ambient[] = { 0.8, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
    glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, lmodel_ambient);
}

void displayModelviewMatrix(float MV[16]) {
    int SPACING = 12;
    cout << left;
    cout << "\tMODELVIEW MATRIX\n";
    cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
    cout << setw(SPACING) << "R" << setw(SPACING) << "U" << setw(SPACING) << "A" << setw(SPACING) << "T" << endl;   
    cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
    cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[Rx] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ux] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ax]  << setw(SPACING) << MV[Tx] << endl;
    cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ry] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Uy] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ay]  << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ty] << endl;
    cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[Rz] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Uz] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Az] << setw(SPACING)  << MV[Tz] << endl;
    cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[3] << setw(SPACING) << MV[7] << setw(SPACING) << MV[11] << setw(SPACING) << MV[15] << endl;
    cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
    cout << endl;
}

void reshape(int w, int h) {
    float ratio = static_cast<float>(w)/h;
    glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluPerspective(45.0, ratio, 1.0, 425.0);
}

void draw() {
    float m[16];
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();
    glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, m);
    gluLookAt(
        300.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
        0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
        0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f
    );
    glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    glutSolidCube(100.0);
    glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, m);
    displayModelviewMatrix(m);
    glutSwapBuffers();
}


int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
    glutInitWindowSize(400, 400);
    glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
    glutCreateWindow("Demo");
    glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
    glutDisplayFunc(draw);
    init();
    glutMainLoop();
    return 0;
} 

不管我用什么价值的eye载体:
300, 0, 0或
0, 300, 0或
0, 0, 300
平移矢量是相同的,这没有任何意义,因为代码的顺序是向后的顺序所以glTranslatef应该首先运行,然后是2个旋转.另外,旋转矩阵完全独立于平移列(在ModelView矩阵中),那会导致这种奇怪的行为？这是眼睛矢量的输出(0.0f, 300.0f, 0.0f)

        MODELVIEW MATRIX
--------------------------------------------------
R           U           A           T
--------------------------------------------------
0           0           0           0
0           0           0           0
0           1           0           -300
0           0           0           1
--------------------------------------------------

我希望这个T专栏是(0, -300, 0)!那么有人可以帮我解释一下吗？

gluLookAt从http://www.mesa3d.org实施

void GLAPIENTRY
gluLookAt(GLdouble eyex, GLdouble eyey, GLdouble eyez, GLdouble centerx,
      GLdouble centery, GLdouble centerz, GLdouble upx, GLdouble upy,
      GLdouble upz)
{
    float forward[3], side[3], up[3];
    GLfloat m[4][4];

    forward[0] = centerx - eyex;
    forward[1] = centery - eyey;
    forward[2] = centerz - eyez;

    up[0] = upx;
    up[1] = upy;
    up[2] = upz;

    normalize(forward);

    /* Side = forward x up */
    cross(forward, up, side);
    normalize(side);

    /* Recompute up as: up = side x forward */
    cross(side, forward, up);

    __gluMakeIdentityf(&m[0][0]);
    m[0][0] = side[0];
    m[1][0] = side[1];
    m[2][0] = side[2];

    m[0][1] = up[0];
    m[1][1] = up[1];
    m[2][1] = up[2];

    m[0][2] = -forward[0];
    m[1][2] = -forward[1];
    m[2][2] = -forward[2];

    glMultMatrixf(&m[0][0]);
    glTranslated(-eyex, -eyey, -eyez);
}

Answer 1

如果我们让旋转和平移矩阵像你的模型视图矩阵

Rxx Rxy Rxz Tx 
Ryx Ryy Ryz Ty 
Rzx Rzy Rzz Tz 
 0   0   0   1 

作用于任意向量

x
y
z
1

我们得到

Rxx x + Rxy y + Rxz z  +  Tx 
Ryx x + Ryy y + Ryz z  +  Ty
Rzx x + Rzy y + Rzz z  +  Tz
1

(我正在写东西,所以矢量乘以左边的矩阵).

这表明矩阵的平移分量使得在旋转之后应用平移.这就是为什么它们与你的(-eye_x,-eye_y,-eye_z)向量不同,因为你指出翻译是在旋转之前完成的.

平移始终沿-z方向的原因是因为在视图框中-z方向指向中心.由于您总是从眼睛中心有300个单位,所以您的所有眼睛位置都将中心置于视图框中的(0,0,-300).因此,因为在我们进行任何翻译之前,中心从原点开始,所以给它正确的共同条件的翻译必须是(0,0,-300).

此外,您可能已经注意到了这一点,但您显示的模型视图矩阵是病态的,因为您的向上矢量指向视图方向(从眼睛到中心).这就解释了为什么它有两行完整的零.