有没有办法只接受JTextField中的数值？

Question

有没有办法只接受数字值JTextField？这有什么特别的方法吗？

Answer 1

由于这个问题经常出现,我在这个答案中付出了更多努力,然后我通常会这样做.

我的投票结果是JFormattedTextField.IMO每个Swing开发人员都应该在他/她的工具包中拥有该类的改进版本,因为它允许通过正确选择来验证几乎任何您能想到的内容Format.我已经使用过它的例子:

• 字符串输入,其中String可能不为空
• 协调输入
• 日期输入
• 编辑上一篇 JSpinner
• 地图比例
• 数字
• ...

当输入无效时,它还允许视觉反馈,例如,输入无效InputVerifier.它仍然允许用户输入任何内容,但是当无效时该值根本不被接受,并且该值永远不会离开UI.我认为(但同样,这是我的观点),最好允许用户键入无效输入,只需用例如a自动删除DocumentFilter.当在文本字段中键入字符并且它没有出现时,我会怀疑是一个错误.

让我用一些代码(实际上是一些代码)来说明这一点.首先是小型演示应用程序.此应用程序只显示一个JFormattedTextField数字.仅使用其他格式允许重用该组件以进行完全不同的验证.

import be.pcl.swing.ImprovedFormattedTextField;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
import java.text.NumberFormat;

/**
 * See http://stackoverflow.com/q/1313390/1076463
 */
public class FormattedTextFieldDemo {
  public static void main( String[] args ) {
    EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        JFrame testFrame = new JFrame( "FormattedTextFieldDemo" );

        NumberFormat integerNumberInstance = NumberFormat.getIntegerInstance();
        ImprovedFormattedTextField integerFormattedTextField = new ImprovedFormattedTextField( integerNumberInstance, 100 );
        integerFormattedTextField.setColumns( 20 );

        testFrame.add( createButtonPanel( integerFormattedTextField ), BorderLayout.NORTH );

        final JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(50, 50);
        PropertyChangeListener updateTextAreaListener = new PropertyChangeListener() {
          @Override
          public void propertyChange( PropertyChangeEvent evt ) {
            textArea.append( "New value: " + evt.getNewValue() + "\n" );
          }
        };
        integerFormattedTextField.addPropertyChangeListener( "value", updateTextAreaListener );

        testFrame.add( new JScrollPane( textArea ), BorderLayout.CENTER );

        testFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation( WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE );
        testFrame.pack();
        testFrame.setVisible( true );
      }
    } );

  }

  private static JPanel createButtonPanel( final JFormattedTextField aTextField ){
    JPanel panel = new JPanel( new BorderLayout(  ) );
    panel.add( aTextField, BorderLayout.WEST );

    Action action = new AbstractAction() {
      {
        aTextField.addPropertyChangeListener( "editValid", new PropertyChangeListener() {
          @Override
          public void propertyChange( PropertyChangeEvent evt ) {
            setEnabled( ( ( Boolean ) evt.getNewValue() ) );
          }
        } );
        putValue( Action.NAME, "Show current value" );
      }
      @Override
      public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e ) {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null, "The current value is [" + aTextField.getValue() + "] of class [" + aTextField.getValue().getClass() + "]" );
      }
    };
    panel.add( new JButton( action ), BorderLayout.EAST );
    return panel;
  }
}

只显示一个ImprovedFormattedTextField和一个JButton只在输入有效时启用(aha,吃那个DocumentFilter解决方案).它还显示了JTextArea每次遇到新的有效值时打印的值.按按钮显示值.

ImprovedFormattedTextField可以在下面找到它的代码,以及ParseAllFormat它所依赖的代码

package be.pcl.swing;

import javax.swing.JFormattedTextField;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.KeyStroke;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.event.DocumentEvent;
import javax.swing.event.DocumentListener;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.event.FocusAdapter;
import java.awt.event.FocusEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.text.Format;
import java.text.ParseException;

/**
 * <p>Extension of {@code JFormattedTextField} which solves some of the usability issues</p>
 */
public class ImprovedFormattedTextField extends JFormattedTextField {

  private static final Color ERROR_BACKGROUND_COLOR = new Color( 255, 215, 215 );
  private static final Color ERROR_FOREGROUND_COLOR = null;

  private Color fBackground, fForeground;

  /**
   * Create a new {@code ImprovedFormattedTextField} instance which will use {@code aFormat} for the
   * validation of the user input.
   *
   * @param aFormat The format. May not be {@code null}
   */
  public ImprovedFormattedTextField( Format aFormat ) {
    //use a ParseAllFormat as we do not want to accept user input which is partially valid
    super( new ParseAllFormat( aFormat ) );
    setFocusLostBehavior( JFormattedTextField.COMMIT_OR_REVERT );
    updateBackgroundOnEachUpdate();
    //improve the caret behavior
    //see also http://tips4java.wordpress.com/2010/02/21/formatted-text-field-tips/
    addFocusListener( new MousePositionCorrectorListener() );
  }

  /**
   * Create a new {@code ImprovedFormattedTextField} instance which will use {@code aFormat} for the
   * validation of the user input. The field will be initialized with {@code aValue}.
   *
   * @param aFormat The format. May not be {@code null}
   * @param aValue  The initial value
   */
  public ImprovedFormattedTextField( Format aFormat, Object aValue ) {
    this( aFormat );
    setValue( aValue );
  }

  private void updateBackgroundOnEachUpdate() {
    getDocument().addDocumentListener( new DocumentListener() {
      @Override
      public void insertUpdate( DocumentEvent e ) {
        updateBackground();
      }

      @Override
      public void removeUpdate( DocumentEvent e ) {
        updateBackground();
      }

      @Override
      public void changedUpdate( DocumentEvent e ) {
        updateBackground();
      }
    } );
  }

  /**
   * Update the background color depending on the valid state of the current input. This provides
   * visual feedback to the user
   */
  private void updateBackground() {
    boolean valid = validContent();
    if ( ERROR_BACKGROUND_COLOR != null ) {
      setBackground( valid ? fBackground : ERROR_BACKGROUND_COLOR );
    }
    if ( ERROR_FOREGROUND_COLOR != null ) {
      setForeground( valid ? fForeground : ERROR_FOREGROUND_COLOR );
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void updateUI() {
    super.updateUI();
    fBackground = getBackground();
    fForeground = getForeground();
  }

  private boolean validContent() {
    AbstractFormatter formatter = getFormatter();
    if ( formatter != null ) {
      try {
        formatter.stringToValue( getText() );
        return true;
      } catch ( ParseException e ) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public void setValue( Object value ) {
    boolean validValue = true;
    //before setting the value, parse it by using the format
    try {
      AbstractFormatter formatter = getFormatter();
      if ( formatter != null ) {
        formatter.valueToString( value );
      }
    } catch ( ParseException e ) {
      validValue = false;
      updateBackground();
    }
    //only set the value when valid
    if ( validValue ) {
      int old_caret_position = getCaretPosition();
      super.setValue( value );
      setCaretPosition( Math.min( old_caret_position, getText().length() ) );
    }
  }

  @Override
  protected boolean processKeyBinding( KeyStroke ks, KeyEvent e, int condition, boolean pressed ) {
    //do not let the formatted text field consume the enters. This allows to trigger an OK button by
    //pressing enter from within the formatted text field
    if ( validContent() ) {
      return super.processKeyBinding( ks, e,
                                      condition, pressed ) && ks != KeyStroke.getKeyStroke( KeyEvent.VK_ENTER, 0 );
    }
    else {
      return super.processKeyBinding( ks, e,
                                      condition, pressed );
    }
  }

  private static class MousePositionCorrectorListener extends FocusAdapter {
    @Override
    public void focusGained( FocusEvent e ) {
      /* After a formatted text field gains focus, it replaces its text with its
       * current value, formatted appropriately of course. It does this after
       * any focus listeners are notified. We want to make sure that the caret
       * is placed in the correct position rather than the dumb default that is
        * before the 1st character ! */
      final JTextField field = ( JTextField ) e.getSource();
      final int dot = field.getCaret().getDot();
      final int mark = field.getCaret().getMark();
      if ( field.isEnabled() && field.isEditable() ) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater( new Runnable() {
          @Override
          public void run() {
            // Only set the caret if the textfield hasn't got a selection on it
            if ( dot == mark ) {
              field.getCaret().setDot( dot );
            }
          }
        } );
      }
    }
  }
}

本ParseAllFormat类:

package be.pcl.swing;

import java.text.AttributedCharacterIterator;
import java.text.FieldPosition;
import java.text.Format;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.ParsePosition;

/**
 * <p>Decorator for a {@link Format Format} which only accepts values which can be completely parsed
 * by the delegate format. If the value can only be partially parsed, the decorator will refuse to
 * parse the value.</p>
 */
public class ParseAllFormat extends Format {
  private final Format fDelegate;

  /**
   * Decorate <code>aDelegate</code> to make sure if parser everything or nothing
   *
   * @param aDelegate The delegate format
   */
  public ParseAllFormat( Format aDelegate ) {
    fDelegate = aDelegate;
  }

  @Override
  public StringBuffer format( Object obj, StringBuffer toAppendTo, FieldPosition pos ) {
    return fDelegate.format( obj, toAppendTo, pos );
  }

  @Override
  public AttributedCharacterIterator formatToCharacterIterator( Object obj ) {
    return fDelegate.formatToCharacterIterator( obj );
  }

  @Override
  public Object parseObject( String source, ParsePosition pos ) {
    int initialIndex = pos.getIndex();
    Object result = fDelegate.parseObject( source, pos );
    if ( result != null && pos.getIndex() < source.length() ) {
      int errorIndex = pos.getIndex();
      pos.setIndex( initialIndex );
      pos.setErrorIndex( errorIndex );
      return null;
    }
    return result;
  }

  @Override
  public Object parseObject( String source ) throws ParseException {
    //no need to delegate the call, super will call the parseObject( source, pos ) method
    return super.parseObject( source );
  }
}

可能的改进:

• 在setBackground不被大家尊敬的外观和感觉.有时您可以使用setForeground相反,但即使这并不能保证所有L&F都能得到尊重.因此,对于视觉反馈,最好使用放置在字段旁边的感叹号.缺点是,如果您突然添加/删除图标,这可能会弄乱布局
• 反馈仅表示输入有效/无效.没有任何东西可以表明预期的格式是什么.一种可能的解决方案是使用自创的扩展,Format其中包括有效输入的描述/示例,并将其作为工具提示放在JFormattedTextField.

Answer 2

这个问题被引用为另一个问题的"完全重复",此问题已被关闭.这个问题的答案非常糟糕,以至于我通过链接到这个用例的更好答案来鼓励那些可能在以后找到它的人.

这是一个封闭问题的答案,可以概括为......

请JSpinner改用.

Answer 3

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.text.*;

public class JNumberTextField extends JTextField
{
    private static final char DOT = '.';
    private static final char NEGATIVE = '-';
    private static final String BLANK = "";
    private static final int DEF_PRECISION = 2;

    public static final int NUMERIC = 2;
    public static final int DECIMAL = 3;

    public static final String FM_NUMERIC = "0123456789";
    public static final String FM_DECIMAL = FM_NUMERIC + DOT;

    private int maxLength = 0;
    private int format = NUMERIC;
    private String negativeChars = BLANK;
    private String allowedChars = null;
    private boolean allowNegative = false;
    private int precision = 0;

    protected PlainDocument numberFieldFilter;

    public JNumberTextField()
    {
        this( 10, NUMERIC );
    }

    public JNumberTextField( int maxLen )
    {
        this( maxLen, NUMERIC );
    }

    public JNumberTextField( int maxLen, int format )
    {
        setAllowNegative( true );
        setMaxLength( maxLen );
        setFormat( format );

        numberFieldFilter = new JNumberFieldFilter();
        super.setDocument( numberFieldFilter );
    }

    public void setMaxLength( int maxLen )
    {
        if (maxLen > 0)
            maxLength = maxLen;
        else
            maxLength = 0;
    }

    public int getMaxLength()
    {
        return maxLength;
    }

    public void setPrecision( int precision )
    {
        if ( format == NUMERIC )
            return;

        if ( precision >= 0 )
            this.precision = precision;
        else
            this.precision = DEF_PRECISION;
    }

    public int getPrecision()
    {
        return precision;
    }

    public Number getNumber()
    {
        Number number = null;

        if ( format == NUMERIC )
            number = new Integer(getText());
        else
            number = new Double(getText());

        return number;
    }

    public void setNumber( Number value )
    {
        setText(String.valueOf(value));
    }

    public int getInt()
    {
        return Integer.parseInt( getText() );
    }

    public void setInt( int value )
    {
        setText( String.valueOf( value ) );
    }

    public float getFloat()
    {
        return ( new Float( getText() ) ).floatValue();
    }

    public void setFloat(float value)
    {
        setText( String.valueOf( value ) );
    }

    public double getDouble()
    {
        return ( new Double( getText() ) ).doubleValue();
    }

    public void setDouble(double value)
    {
        setText( String.valueOf(value) );
    }

    public int getFormat()
    {
        return format;
    }

    public void setFormat(int format)
    {
        switch ( format )
        {
        case NUMERIC:
        default:
            this.format = NUMERIC;
            this.precision = 0;
            this.allowedChars = FM_NUMERIC;
            break;

        case DECIMAL:
            this.format = DECIMAL;
            this.precision = DEF_PRECISION;
            this.allowedChars = FM_DECIMAL;
            break;
        }
    }

    public void setAllowNegative( boolean value )
    {
        allowNegative = value;

        if ( value )
            negativeChars = "" + NEGATIVE;
        else
            negativeChars = BLANK;
    }

    public boolean isAllowNegative()
    {
        return allowNegative;
    }

    public void setDocument( Document document )
    {
    }

    class JNumberFieldFilter extends PlainDocument
    {
        public JNumberFieldFilter()
        {
            super();
        }

        public void insertString(int offset, String str, AttributeSet attr) throws BadLocationException
        {
            String text = getText(0,offset) + str + getText(offset,(getLength() - offset));

            if ( str == null || text == null )
                return;

            for ( int i=0; i<str.length(); i++ )
            {
                if ( ( allowedChars + negativeChars ).indexOf( str.charAt(i) ) == -1)
                    return;
            }

            int precisionLength = 0, dotLength = 0, minusLength = 0;
            int textLength = text.length();

            try
            {
                if ( format == NUMERIC )
                {
                    if ( ! ( ( text.equals( negativeChars ) ) && ( text.length() == 1) ) )
                        new Long(text);
                }
                else if ( format == DECIMAL )
                {
                    if ( ! ( ( text.equals( negativeChars ) ) && ( text.length() == 1) ) )
                        new Double(text);

                    int dotIndex = text.indexOf(DOT);
                    if( dotIndex != -1 )
                    {
                        dotLength = 1;
                        precisionLength = textLength - dotIndex - dotLength;

                        if( precisionLength > precision )
                            return;
                    }
                }
            }
            catch(Exception ex)
            {
                return;
            }

            if ( text.startsWith( "" + NEGATIVE ) )
            {
                if ( !allowNegative )
                    return;
                else
                    minusLength = 1;
            }

            if ( maxLength < ( textLength - dotLength - precisionLength - minusLength ) )
                return;

            super.insertString( offset, str, attr );
        }
    }
}

Answer 4

尽管存在纯粹的邪恶,JFormattedTextField但仅使用Swing库并不是一种简单的方法.实现此类功能的最佳方法是使用DocumentFilter.

我之前准备的一些代码. 一点描述.

Answer 5

numberField = new JFormattedTextField(NumberFormat.getInstance());

格式化文本字段教程