C宏的创造性/有趣用途; metaprograming

Question

我一直在寻找有趣且优选有用的C宏/定义示例,它们比定义consts或min/max函数更广泛.我的理解是,宏应该允许某种程度的元编程(尽管我并不完全确定),但是搜索未能揭示太多,因此非常感谢使用宏进行元编程的示例,或解释为什么它不能工作.总的来说,我对任何"酷"的宏用途感兴趣.

PS我明白这个问题很快就会"没有建设性和关闭性",但我认为它至少可以成为一个有趣的社区维基问题.

编辑:我对C++,任何东西都不感兴趣.

Answer 1

灵感来自这个问题,前几天我正在试验宏的其他"创造性"用法,这是我到目前为止所提出的,一组宏来确保它们的参数具有某种"类型".这些可以用作其他宏的一部分:

#include <stdio.h>

// Only pointers can be dereferenced.
// This fails to compile if x is
// numeric type (or void*).
#define ACCEPT_PTR(x) \
  ((x) + sizeof(*(x)) * 0)

// sizeof() is evaulated at compile time and
// it will fail if the expression is non-const
// at compile time.
// (void*)&array == (void*)&array[0] is a
// compile-time const.
// (void*)&ptr == (void*)&ptr[0] needs the value of
// ptr and therefore isn't a compile-time const,
// same with (void*)&int == (void*)int.
#define ACCEPT_ARR(x) \
  ((x) + sizeof(struct { int not_an_array: ((void*)&(x) == &(x)[0]); }) * 0)
//  ((x) + sizeof(char[(void*)&(x) == (void*)&(x)[0]]) * 0)

// x can be added to itself or multiplied only
// if it's a numerical type, pointers can't be added.
#define ACCEPT_NUM(x) \
  ((x) * 1)
//  (((x) + (x)) - (x))

// Only integers can be shifted
// (% also applies to integers only).
// This will fail to compile if x isn't integer.
#define ACCEPT_INT(x) \
  ((x) << 0)
//  ((x) + (x) % 2 * 0)

// x will be concatenated with "" at compile
// time only if it's a string literal. Comilation
// will fail if x isn't a string literal.
#define ACCEPT_STR(x) \
  x ""

#define ACCEPT_LVAL(x) \
  (*&(x))

int main(void)
{
  int i = 42;
  int* p = &i;
  int a[1] = { 42 };
  float f = 42.0;

  ACCEPT_NUM(i);
  ACCEPT_NUM(p[0]);
  ACCEPT_NUM(a[0]);
//  ACCEPT_NUM(p);
//  ACCEPT_NUM(a);
//  ACCEPT_NUM("42");

  ACCEPT_INT(i);
  ACCEPT_INT(p[0]);
  ACCEPT_INT(a[0]);
  ACCEPT_INT("a"[0]);
//  ACCEPT_INT(p);
//  ACCEPT_INT(a);
//  ACCEPT_INT("42");
//  ACCEPT_INT(f);

  ACCEPT_PTR(&i);
  ACCEPT_PTR(p);
  ACCEPT_PTR(a);
  ACCEPT_PTR(&a[0]);
  ACCEPT_PTR("42");
  ACCEPT_PTR(&"a"[0]);
//  ACCEPT_PTR(i);
//  ACCEPT_PTR(f);

//  ACCEPT_ARR(a); // doesn't compile with OW :(
//  ACCEPT_ARR(i);
//  ACCEPT_ARR(p);
//  ACCEPT_ARR("42"); // WTF?; compiles with gcc :(
//  ACCEPT_ARR(f);

  ACCEPT_STR("42");
//  ACCEPT_STR(i);
//  ACCEPT_STR(p);
//  ACCEPT_STR(a);
//  ACCEPT_STR(f);

  ACCEPT_LVAL(i);
  ACCEPT_LVAL(p);
  ACCEPT_LVAL(p[0]);
  ACCEPT_LVAL(a); // not exactly lval
  ACCEPT_LVAL(a[0]);
//  ACCEPT_LVAL("42"); // WTF?; compiles with gcc but not with OW :(
  ACCEPT_LVAL(f);
//  ACCEPT_LVAL(0);
//  ACCEPT_LVAL(0.0);
//  ACCEPT_LVAL('a');

  return 0;
}