我正在使用Python3开发一个简单的基于文本的Dungeon游戏.首先,提示用户从screen.py文件中选择英雄.
from game import *
class GameScreen:
'''Display the current state of a game in a text-based format.
This class is fully implemented and needs no
additional work from students.'''
def initialize_game(self):
'''(GameScreen) -> NoneType
Initialize new game with new user-selected hero class
and starting room files.'''
hero = None
while hero is None:
c = input("Select hero type:\n(R)ogue (M)age (B)arbarian\n")
c = c.lower()
if c == 'r':
hero = Rogue()
elif c == 'm':
hero = Mage()
elif c == 'b':
hero = Barbarian()
self.game = Game("rooms/startroom", hero)
def play(self):
'''(Game) -> NoneType
The main game loop.'''
exit = False
while not exit:
print(self)
if self.game.game_over():
break
c = input("Next: ")
if c in ['q', 'x']:
print("Thanks for playing!")
exit = True
elif c == 'w': # UP
self.game.move_hero(-1, 0)
elif c == 's': # DOWN
self.game.move_hero(1, 0)
elif c == 'a': # LEFT
self.game.move_hero(0, -1)
elif c == 'd': # RIGHT
self.game.move_hero(0, 1)
elif c == 'r':
## RESTART GAME
self.initialize_game()
else:
pass
def __str__(self):
'''(GameScreen) -> NoneType
Return a string representing the current room.
Include the game's Hero string represetation and a
status message from the last action taken.'''
room = self.game.current_room
s = ""
if self.game.game_over():
#render a GAME OVER screen with text mostly centered
#in the space of the room in which the character died.
#top row
s += "X" * (2 + room.cols) + "\n"
#empty rows above GAME OVER
for i in list(range(floor((room.rows - 2) / 2))):
s += "X" + " " * room.cols + "X\n"
# GAME OVER rows
s += ("X" + " " * floor((room.cols - 4) / 2) +
"GAME" + " " * ceil((room.cols - 4) / 2) + "X\n")
s += ("X" + " " * floor((room.cols - 4) / 2) +
"OVER" + " " * ceil((room.cols - 4) / 2) + "X\n")
#empty rows below GAME OVER
for i in list(range(ceil((room.rows - 2) / 2))):
s += "X" + " " * room.cols + "X\n"
#bottom row
s += "X" * (2 + room.cols) + "\n"
else:
for i in range(room.rows):
for j in room.grid[i]:
if j is not None:
if j.visible:
s += j.symbol()
else:
#This is the symbol for 'not yet explored' : ?
s += "?"
s += "\n"
#hero representation
s += str(self.game.hero)
#last status message
s += room.status
return s
if __name__ == '__main__':
gs = GameScreen()
gs.initialize_game()
gs.play()
每当我运行此代码时,我都会收到此错误:TypeError:init()至少需要2个参数(给定1个),这与Rogue()或其他英雄类有关.这是hero.py.
class Rogue(Tile):
'''A class representing the hero venturing into the dungeon.
Heroes have the following attributes: a name, a list of items,
hit points, strength, gold, and a viewing radius. Heroes
inherit the visible boolean from Tile.'''
def __init__(self, rogue, bonuses=(0, 0, 0)):
'''(Rogue, str, list) -> NoneType
Create a new hero with name Rogue,
an empty list of items and bonuses to
hp, strength, gold and radius as specified
in bonuses'''
self.rogue = rogue
self.items = []
self.hp = 10 + bonuses[0]
self.strength = 2 + bonuses[1]
self.radius = 2 + bonuses[2]
Tile.__init__(self, True)
def symbol(self):
'''(Rogue) -> str
Return the map representation symbol of Hero: O.'''
#return "\u263b"
return "O"
def __str__(self):
'''(Item) -> str
Return the Hero's name.'''
return "{}\nHP:{:2d} STR:{:2d} RAD:{:2d}\n".format(
self.rogue, self.hp, self.strength, self.radius)
def take(self, item):
'''ADD SIGNATURE HERE
Add item to hero's items
and update their stats as a result.'''
# IMPLEMENT TAKE METHOD HERE
pass
def fight(self, baddie):
'''ADD SIGNATURE HERE -> str
Fight baddie and return the outcome of the
battle in string format.'''
# Baddie strikes first
# Until one opponent is dead
# attacker deals damage equal to their strength
# attacker and defender alternate
if self.hp < 0:
return "Killed by"
return "Defeated"
我究竟做错了什么？
问题
在GameScreen.initialize_game(),你设置hero=Rogue(),但Rogue构造函数rogue作为参数.(换句话说,该__init__的Rogue要求rogue被传入.)当您设置您可能遇到同样的问题hero=Mage和hero=Barbarian.
解决方案
幸运的是,修复很简单; 你可以改变hero=Rogue()到hero=Rogue("MyRogueName").也许您可以提示用户输入名称initialize_game,然后使用该名称.
关于"至少2个参数(给定1个)"的注释
当您看到这样的错误时,这意味着您调用了函数或方法而没有向其传递足够的参数.(__init__只是当一个对象被初始化时调用的特殊方法.)因此,在未来的调试这样的东西的时候,看看在那里你调用一个函数/方法,并在那里你定义它,并确保这两个有相同数量的参数.
对于这些类型的错误而言,有一点很棘手,那就是self传递它.
>>> class MyClass:
... def __init__(self):
... self.foo = 'foo'
...
>>> myObj = MyClass()
在那个例子中,人们可能会想,"很奇怪,我初始化了myObj,所以MyClass.__init__被调用了;为什么我不能传递一些东西self？" 答案是self只要使用"object.method()"符号,就会有效传入.希望这有助于消除错误并解释如何在将来调试它.