Cai*_*eto 69 javascript base64
我得到了一个webSocket通信,我收到base64编码的字符串,将其转换为uint8并继续工作,但现在我需要发送回来,我得到了uint8数组,需要将其转换为base64字符串,所以我可以发送它.我该怎么做这个转换?
kan*_*aka 143
如果您的数据可能包含多字节序列(不是纯ASCII序列)并且您的浏览器具有TextDecoder,那么您应该使用它来解码数据(指定TextDecoder所需的编码):
var u8 = new Uint8Array([65, 66, 67, 68]);
var decoder = new TextDecoder('utf8');
var b64encoded = btoa(decoder.decode(u8));
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如果您需要支持没有TextDecoder(当前只有IE和Edge)的浏览器,那么最好的选择是使用TextDecoder polyfill.
如果您的数据包含纯ASCII(不是多字节Unicode/UTF-8),那么有一个简单的替代方法String.fromCharCode
,应该得到普遍支持:
var ascii = new Uint8Array([65, 66, 67, 68]);
var b64encoded = btoa(String.fromCharCode.apply(null, ascii));
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并将base64字符串解码回Uint8Array:
var u8_2 = new Uint8Array(atob(b64encoded).split("").map(function(c) {
return c.charCodeAt(0); }));
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如果您有非常大的数组缓冲区,则apply可能会失败,您可能需要对缓冲区进行分块(基于@RohitSengar发布的缓冲区).同样,请注意,只有缓冲区仅包含非多字节ASCII字符时,这才是正确的:
function Uint8ToString(u8a){
var CHUNK_SZ = 0x8000;
var c = [];
for (var i=0; i < u8a.length; i+=CHUNK_SZ) {
c.push(String.fromCharCode.apply(null, u8a.subarray(i, i+CHUNK_SZ)));
}
return c.join("");
}
// Usage
var u8 = new Uint8Array([65, 66, 67, 68]);
var b64encoded = btoa(Uint8ToString(u8));
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Fon*_*ons 63
Uint8Array
使用本机浏览器功能对任意数据(不一定是 UTF-8)进行 base64 编码:
// note: `buffer` arg can be an ArrayBuffer or a Uint8Array
async function bufferToBase64(buffer) {
// use a FileReader to generate a base64 data URI:
const base64url = await new Promise(r => {
const reader = new FileReader()
reader.onload = () => r(reader.result)
reader.readAsDataURL(new Blob([buffer]))
});
// remove the `data:...;base64,` part from the start
return base64url.slice(base64url.indexOf(',') + 1);
}
// example use:
await bufferToBase64(new Uint8Array([1,2,3,100,200]))
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由于这是使用本机浏览器功能,因此性能最佳。它可以在我的计算机上每秒转换 250 MB(基准脚本),使其比接受的答案快约 60 倍。
Fia*_*eid 37
如果您使用的是 Node.js,那么您可以使用此代码将 Uint8Array 转换为 base64
var b64 = Buffer.from(u8).toString('base64');
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Ego*_*hih 24
已经提出的所有解决方案都有严重的问题。一些解决方案无法在大型数组上工作,一些提供错误的输出,如果中间字符串包含多字节字符,一些会在 btoa 调用时抛出错误,一些会消耗比需要更多的内存。
所以我实现了一个直接转换功能,无论输入如何,它都可以工作。它在我的机器上每秒转换大约 500 万字节。
https://gist.github.com/enepomnyaschih/72c423f727d395eeaa09697058238727
/*
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2020 Egor Nepomnyaschih
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
*/
/*
// This constant can also be computed with the following algorithm:
const base64abc = [],
A = "A".charCodeAt(0),
a = "a".charCodeAt(0),
n = "0".charCodeAt(0);
for (let i = 0; i < 26; ++i) {
base64abc.push(String.fromCharCode(A + i));
}
for (let i = 0; i < 26; ++i) {
base64abc.push(String.fromCharCode(a + i));
}
for (let i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
base64abc.push(String.fromCharCode(n + i));
}
base64abc.push("+");
base64abc.push("/");
*/
const base64abc = [
"A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M",
"N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z",
"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m",
"n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z",
"0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "+", "/"
];
/*
// This constant can also be computed with the following algorithm:
const l = 256, base64codes = new Uint8Array(l);
for (let i = 0; i < l; ++i) {
base64codes[i] = 255; // invalid character
}
base64abc.forEach((char, index) => {
base64codes[char.charCodeAt(0)] = index;
});
base64codes["=".charCodeAt(0)] = 0; // ignored anyway, so we just need to prevent an error
*/
const base64codes = [
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 62, 255, 255, 255, 63,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 255, 255, 255, 0, 255, 255,
255, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51
];
function getBase64Code(charCode) {
if (charCode >= base64codes.length) {
throw new Error("Unable to parse base64 string.");
}
const code = base64codes[charCode];
if (code === 255) {
throw new Error("Unable to parse base64 string.");
}
return code;
}
export function bytesToBase64(bytes) {
let result = '', i, l = bytes.length;
for (i = 2; i < l; i += 3) {
result += base64abc[bytes[i - 2] >> 2];
result += base64abc[((bytes[i - 2] & 0x03) << 4) | (bytes[i - 1] >> 4)];
result += base64abc[((bytes[i - 1] & 0x0F) << 2) | (bytes[i] >> 6)];
result += base64abc[bytes[i] & 0x3F];
}
if (i === l + 1) { // 1 octet yet to write
result += base64abc[bytes[i - 2] >> 2];
result += base64abc[(bytes[i - 2] & 0x03) << 4];
result += "==";
}
if (i === l) { // 2 octets yet to write
result += base64abc[bytes[i - 2] >> 2];
result += base64abc[((bytes[i - 2] & 0x03) << 4) | (bytes[i - 1] >> 4)];
result += base64abc[(bytes[i - 1] & 0x0F) << 2];
result += "=";
}
return result;
}
export function base64ToBytes(str) {
if (str.length % 4 !== 0) {
throw new Error("Unable to parse base64 string.");
}
const index = str.indexOf("=");
if (index !== -1 && index < str.length - 2) {
throw new Error("Unable to parse base64 string.");
}
let missingOctets = str.endsWith("==") ? 2 : str.endsWith("=") ? 1 : 0,
n = str.length,
result = new Uint8Array(3 * (n / 4)),
buffer;
for (let i = 0, j = 0; i < n; i += 4, j += 3) {
buffer =
getBase64Code(str.charCodeAt(i)) << 18 |
getBase64Code(str.charCodeAt(i + 1)) << 12 |
getBase64Code(str.charCodeAt(i + 2)) << 6 |
getBase64Code(str.charCodeAt(i + 3));
result[j] = buffer >> 16;
result[j + 1] = (buffer >> 8) & 0xFF;
result[j + 2] = buffer & 0xFF;
}
return result.subarray(0, result.length - missingOctets);
}
export function base64encode(str, encoder = new TextEncoder()) {
return bytesToBase64(encoder.encode(str));
}
export function base64decode(str, decoder = new TextDecoder()) {
return decoder.decode(base64ToBytes(str));
}
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小智 19
非常简单的JavaScript解决方案和测试!
ToBase64 = function (u8) {
return btoa(String.fromCharCode.apply(null, u8));
}
FromBase64 = function (str) {
return atob(str).split('').map(function (c) { return c.charCodeAt(0); });
}
var u8 = new Uint8Array(256);
for (var i = 0; i < 256; i++)
u8[i] = i;
var b64 = ToBase64(u8);
console.debug(b64);
console.debug(FromBase64(b64));
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Roh*_*gar 17
function Uint8ToBase64(u8Arr){
var CHUNK_SIZE = 0x8000; //arbitrary number
var index = 0;
var length = u8Arr.length;
var result = '';
var slice;
while (index < length) {
slice = u8Arr.subarray(index, Math.min(index + CHUNK_SIZE, length));
result += String.fromCharCode.apply(null, slice);
index += CHUNK_SIZE;
}
return btoa(result);
}
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如果你有一个非常大的Uint8Array,你可以使用这个功能.这是针对Javascript的,在FileReader readAsArrayBuffer的情况下可能很有用.
在下面的解决方案中,我省略了对字符串的转换。想法如下:
=
or添加==
到结果中下面的解决方案适用于 3 字节块,因此适用于大型数组。将 base64 转换为二进制数组(不带atob
)的类似解决方案在这里
function bytesArrToBase64(arr) {
const abc = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; // base64 alphabet
const bin = n => n.toString(2).padStart(8,0); // convert num to 8-bit binary string
const l = arr.length
let result = '';
for(let i=0; i<=(l-1)/3; i++) {
let c1 = i*3+1>=l; // case when "=" is on end
let c2 = i*3+2>=l; // case when "=" is on end
let chunk = bin(arr[3*i]) + bin(c1? 0:arr[3*i+1]) + bin(c2? 0:arr[3*i+2]);
let r = chunk.match(/.{1,6}/g).map((x,j)=> j==3&&c2 ? '=' :(j==2&&c1 ? '=':abc[+('0b'+x)]));
result += r.join('');
}
return result;
}
// ----------
// TEST
// ----------
let test = "Alice's Adventure in Wondeland.";
let testBytes = [...test].map(c=> c.charCodeAt(0) );
console.log('test string:', test);
console.log('bytes:', JSON.stringify(testBytes));
console.log('btoa ', btoa(test));
console.log('bytesArrToBase64', bytesArrToBase64(testBytes));
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如果您想转换 STRING(而不是字节数组),请注意,btoa
通常在 utf8 字符串上会失败btoa("")
(一个字符可能由多个字节编码)。在这种情况下,您必须首先以正确的方式将此类字符串转换为字节,然后使用上述解决方案,例如:
function bytesArrToBase64(arr) {
const abc = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; // base64 alphabet
const bin = n => n.toString(2).padStart(8,0); // convert num to 8-bit binary string
const l = arr.length
let result = '';
for(let i=0; i<=(l-1)/3; i++) {
let c1 = i*3+1>=l; // case when "=" is on end
let c2 = i*3+2>=l; // case when "=" is on end
let chunk = bin(arr[3*i]) + bin(c1? 0:arr[3*i+1]) + bin(c2? 0:arr[3*i+2]);
let r = chunk.match(/.{1,6}/g).map((x,j)=> j==3&&c2 ? '=' :(j==2&&c1 ? '=':abc[+('0b'+x)]));
result += r.join('');
}
return result;
}
// ----------
// TEST
// ----------
let test = ""; // base64: 8J+SqQ==
let testBytes = new TextEncoder().encode(test);
console.log('test string :', test);
console.log('bytes :', JSON.stringify([...testBytes]));
console.log('bytesArrToBase64 :', bytesArrToBase64(testBytes));
try {
console.log('test btoa :', btoa(test));
} catch (e) {
console.error('btoa fails during conversion!', e.message)
}
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片段于 2022 年 8 月 4 日在以下平台上进行测试:chrome 103.0.5060.134 (arm64)、safari 15.2、firefox 103.0.1 (64 位)、edge 103.0.1264.77 (arm64) 和node-js v12.16.1
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