MATLAB中的xkcd样式图
因此,有才能的人已经想出了如何在Mathematica,LaTeX,Python和R中制作xkcd样式图.
如何使用MATLAB生成如上图所示的图？
我试过了什么
我创造了摇摆的线条,但我无法得到摇摆的轴.我想到的唯一解决方案是用摇摆的线覆盖它们,但我希望能够改变实际的轴.我也无法使幽默字体工作,使用的代码位是:
annotation('textbox',[left+left/8 top+0.65*top 0.05525 0.065],...
'String',{'EMBARRASSMENT'},...
'FontSize',24,...
'FontName','Humor',...
'FitBoxToText','off',...
'LineStyle','none');
对于摇摆不定的线,我尝试添加一个小的随机噪声和平滑:
smooth(0.05*randn(size(x)),10)
但是当它们交叉时,我无法使白色背景出现在它们周围......
Jon*_*nas 115
我看到两种解决方法:第一种方法是在绘图要素的x/y坐标上添加一些抖动.这样做的好处是您可以轻松修改绘图,但如果您想让它们xkcdyfied,则必须自己绘制轴(请参阅@Rody Oldenhuis的解决方案).第二种方法是创建一个非抖动的图,并用于imtransform对图像应用随机失真.这样做的好处是可以将它用于任何绘图,但最终会得到一个图像,而不是一个可编辑的图.
我将首先展示#2,然后尝试#1(如果你更喜欢#1,请看Rody的解决方案!).
该解决方案依赖于两个关键功能:EXPORT_FIG从文件交换来获得抗锯齿的截图,并IMTRANSFORM得到改造.
%# define plot data
x = 1:0.1:10;
y1 = sin(x).*exp(-x/3) + 3;
y2 = 3*exp(-(x-7).^2/2) + 1;
%# plot
fh = figure('color','w');
hold on
plot(x,y1,'b','lineWidth',3);
plot(x,y2,'w','lineWidth',7);
plot(x,y2,'r','lineWidth',3);
xlim([0.95 10])
ylim([0 5])
set(gca,'fontName','Comic Sans MS','fontSize',18,'lineWidth',3,'box','off')
%# add an annotation
annotation(fh,'textarrow',[0.4 0.55],[0.8 0.65],...
'string',sprintf('text%shere',char(10)),'headStyle','none','lineWidth',1.5,...
'fontName','Comic Sans MS','fontSize',14,'verticalAlignment','middle','horizontalAlignment','left')
%# capture with export_fig
im = export_fig('-nocrop',fh);
%# add a bit of border to avoid black edges
im = padarray(im,[15 15 0],255);
%# make distortion grid
sfc = size(im);
[yy,xx]=ndgrid(1:7:sfc(1),1:7:sfc(2));
pts = [xx(:),yy(:)];
tf = cp2tform(pts+randn(size(pts)),pts,'lwm',12);
w = warning;
warning off images:inv_lwm:cannotEvaluateTransfAtSomeOutputLocations
imt = imtransform(im,tf);
warning(w)
%# remove padding
imt = imt(16:end-15,16:end-15,:);
figure('color','w')
imshow(imt)
这是我最初的抖动尝试
%# define plot data
x = 1:0.1:10;
y1 = sin(x).*exp(-x/3) + 3;
y2 = 3*exp(-(x-7).^2/2) + 1;
%# jitter
x = x+randn(size(x))*0.01;
y1 = y1+randn(size(x))*0.01;
y2 = y2+randn(size(x))*0.01;
%# plot
figure('color','w')
hold on
plot(x,y1,'b','lineWidth',3);
plot(x,y2,'w','lineWidth',7);
plot(x,y2,'r','lineWidth',3);
xlim([0.95 10])
ylim([0 5])
set(gca,'fontName','Comic Sans MS','fontSize',18,'lineWidth',3,'box','off')
- 享受您的时间[尽可能!](http://meta.stackexchange.com/a/41889/52738);) (4认同)
- @gnovice:这将是我的第三个.我希望我现在已经弄清楚了:) (2认同)
- EXPORT_FIG为+1.由于抗锯齿,使我的所有图形更加令人愉悦. (2认同)
sla*_*ton 91
我没有重新实现所有各种绘图功能,而是想创建一个可以将任何现有绘图转换为xkcd样式绘图的通用工具.
这种方法意味着您可以使用标准MATLAB函数创建绘图并对其进行样式设置,然后在完成后,您可以以xkcd样式重新渲染绘图,同时保留绘图的整体样式.
例子
情节
酒吧和情节
箱形图
这个怎么运作
该函数通过迭代轴的子项来工作.如果孩子是类型的line或patch它略微扭曲他们.如果孩子是类型hggroup,那么迭代子的孩子hggroup.我计划支持其他情节类型,例如image,但目前尚不清楚扭曲图像以获得xkcd风格的最佳方法是什么.
最后,为了确保失真看起来是均匀的(也就是说,短线不会比长线更加分散),我以像素为单位测量线长度,然后以与其长度成比例的方式测量样本.然后,我将噪声添加到每个第N个样本,这些样本会生成具有或多或少相同失真量的行.
代码
而不是粘贴几百行代码,我只是链接到源的要点.此外,源代码和生成上述示例的代码是免费提供的GitHub.
正如您从示例中看到的那样,虽然我计划在找到最佳方法时立即实施,但它还没有扭曲轴本身.
- 太好了!我一直在使用类似的代码来实现`export_fig`路由,即它首先格式化xkcd的情节,然后扭曲图片. (4认同)
- 谢谢.我为箱形图感到自豪.我很惊讶所需的黑客程度让这些情节显现出来. (4认同)
gno*_*ice 62
第一步...找到你喜欢的系统字体(使用该功能listfonts查看可用的内容)或安装一个与xkcd手写风格相匹配的字体.我在本博文中提到了用户ch00f 的"Humor Sans" TrueType字体,并将其用于我后续的示例.
在我看来,你通常需要三个不同的修改图形对象来制作这些类型的图形:轴对象,线对象和文本对象.您可能还需要一个注释对象以使事情变得更容易,但我现在已经预测到,因为它可能比上述三个对象更难实现.
我创建了创建三个对象的包装函数,覆盖了某些属性设置,使它们更像xkcd.一个限制是它们生成的新图形在某些情况下不会更新(比如调整轴的大小时文本对象上的边界框),但这可以通过更完整的面向对象的实现来解决,该实现涉及从句柄继承类,使用事件和监听器等.现在,这是我更简单的实现:
xkcd_axes.m:
function hAxes = xkcd_axes(xkcdOptions, varargin)
hAxes = axes(varargin{:}, 'NextPlot', 'add', 'Visible', 'off', ...
'XLimMode', 'manual', 'YLimMode', 'manual');
axesUnits = get(hAxes, 'Units');
set(hAxes, 'Units', 'pixels');
axesPos = get(hAxes, 'Position');
set(hAxes, 'Units', axesUnits);
xPoints = round(axesPos(3)/10);
yPoints = round(axesPos(4)/10);
limits = [xlim(hAxes) ylim(hAxes)];
ranges = [abs(limits(2) - limits(1)) abs(limits(4) - limits(3))];
backColor = get(get(hAxes, 'Parent'), 'Color');
xColor = get(hAxes, 'XColor');
yColor = get(hAxes, 'YColor');
line('Parent', hAxes, 'Color', xColor, 'LineWidth', 3, ...
'Clipping', 'off', ...
'XData', linspace(limits(1), limits(2), xPoints), ...
'YData', limits(3) + rand(1, xPoints).*0.005.*ranges(2));
line('Parent', hAxes, 'Color', yColor, 'LineWidth', 3, ...
'Clipping', 'off', ...
'YData', linspace(limits(3), limits(4), yPoints), ...
'XData', limits(1) + rand(1, yPoints).*0.005.*ranges(1));
xTicks = get(hAxes, 'XTick');
if ~isempty(xTicks)
yOffset = limits(3) - 0.05.*ranges(2);
tickIndex = true(size(xTicks));
if ismember('left', xkcdOptions)
tickIndex(1) = false;
xkcd_arrow('left', [limits(1) + 0.02.*ranges(1) xTicks(1)], ...
yOffset, xColor);
end
if ismember('right', xkcdOptions)
tickIndex(end) = false;
xkcd_arrow('right', [xTicks(end) limits(2) - 0.02.*ranges(1)], ...
yOffset, xColor);
end
plot([1; 1]*xTicks(tickIndex), ...
0.5.*[-yOffset; yOffset]*ones(1, sum(tickIndex)), ...
'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', xColor, 'LineWidth', 3, ...
'Clipping', 'off');
xLabels = cellstr(get(hAxes, 'XTickLabel'));
for iLabel = 1:numel(xLabels)
xkcd_text(xTicks(iLabel), yOffset, xLabels{iLabel}, ...
'HorizontalAlignment', 'center', ...
'VerticalAlignment', 'middle', ...
'BackgroundColor', backColor);
end
end
yTicks = get(hAxes, 'YTick');
if ~isempty(yTicks)
xOffset = limits(1) - 0.05.*ranges(1);
tickIndex = true(size(yTicks));
if ismember('down', xkcdOptions)
tickIndex(1) = false;
xkcd_arrow('down', xOffset, ...
[limits(3) + 0.02.*ranges(2) yTicks(1)], yColor);
end
if ismember('up', xkcdOptions)
tickIndex(end) = false;
xkcd_arrow('up', xOffset, ...
[yTicks(end) limits(4) - 0.02.*ranges(2)], yColor);
end
plot(0.5.*[-xOffset; xOffset]*ones(1, sum(tickIndex)), ...
[1; 1]*yTicks(tickIndex), ...
'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', yColor, 'LineWidth', 3, ...
'Clipping', 'off');
yLabels = cellstr(get(hAxes, 'YTickLabel'));
for iLabel = 1:numel(yLabels)
xkcd_text(xOffset, yTicks(iLabel), yLabels{iLabel}, ...
'HorizontalAlignment', 'right', ...
'VerticalAlignment', 'middle', ...
'BackgroundColor', backColor);
end
end
function xkcd_arrow(arrowType, xArrow, yArrow, arrowColor)
if ismember(arrowType, {'left', 'right'})
xLine = linspace(xArrow(1), xArrow(2), 10);
yLine = yArrow + rand(1, 10).*0.003.*ranges(2);
arrowScale = 0.05.*ranges(1);
if strcmp(arrowType, 'left')
xArrow = xLine(1) + arrowScale.*[0 0.5 1 1 1 0.5];
yArrow = yLine(1) + arrowScale.*[0 0.125 0.25 0 -0.25 -0.125];
else
xArrow = xLine(end) - arrowScale.*[0 0.5 1 1 1 0.5];
yArrow = yLine(end) + arrowScale.*[0 -0.125 -0.25 0 0.25 0.125];
end
else
xLine = xArrow + rand(1, 10).*0.003.*ranges(1);
yLine = linspace(yArrow(1), yArrow(2), 10);
arrowScale = 0.05.*ranges(2);
if strcmp(arrowType, 'down')
xArrow = xLine(1) + arrowScale.*[0 0.125 0.25 0 -0.25 -0.125];
yArrow = yLine(1) + arrowScale.*[0 0.5 1 1 1 0.5];
else
xArrow = xLine(end) + arrowScale.*[0 -0.125 -0.25 0 0.25 0.125];
yArrow = yLine(end) - arrowScale.*[0 0.5 1 1 1 0.5];
end
end
line('Parent', hAxes, 'Color', arrowColor, 'LineWidth', 3, ...
'Clipping', 'off', 'XData', xLine, 'YData', yLine);
patch('Parent', hAxes, 'FaceColor', arrowColor, ...
'EdgeColor', arrowColor, 'LineWidth', 2, 'Clipping', 'off', ...
'XData', xArrow + [0 rand(1, 5).*0.002.*ranges(1)], ...
'YData', yArrow + [0 rand(1, 5).*0.002.*ranges(2)]);
end
end
xkcd_text.m:
function hText = xkcd_text(varargin)
hText = text(varargin{:});
set(hText, 'FontName', 'Humor Sans', 'FontSize', 13, ...
'FontWeight', 'normal');
backColor = get(hText, 'BackgroundColor');
edgeColor = get(hText, 'EdgeColor');
if ~strcmp(backColor, 'none') || ~strcmp(edgeColor, 'none')
hParent = get(hText, 'Parent');
extent = get(hText, 'Extent');
nLines = size(get(hText, 'String'), 1);
extent = extent + [-0.5 -0.5 1 1].*0.25.*extent(4)./nLines;
yPoints = 5*nLines;
xPoints = round(yPoints*extent(3)/extent(4));
noiseScale = 0.05*extent(4)/nLines;
set(hText, 'BackgroundColor', 'none', 'EdgeColor', 'none');
xBox = [linspace(extent(1), extent(1) + extent(3), xPoints) ...
extent(1) + extent(3) + noiseScale.*rand(1, yPoints) ...
linspace(extent(1) + extent(3), extent(1), xPoints) ...
extent(1) + noiseScale.*rand(1, yPoints)];
yBox = [extent(2) + noiseScale.*rand(1, xPoints) ...
linspace(extent(2), extent(2) + extent(4), yPoints) ...
extent(2) + extent(4) + noiseScale.*rand(1, xPoints) ...
linspace(extent(2) + extent(4), extent(2), yPoints)];
patch('Parent', hParent, 'FaceColor', backColor, ...
'EdgeColor', edgeColor, 'LineWidth', 2, 'Clipping', 'off', ...
'XData', xBox, 'YData', yBox);
hKids = get(hParent, 'Children');
set(hParent, 'Children', [hText; hKids(hKids ~= hText)]);
end
end
xkcd_line.m:
function hLine = xkcd_line(xData, yData, varargin)
yData = yData + 0.01.*max(range(xData), range(yData)).*rand(size(yData));
line(xData, yData, varargin{:}, 'Color', 'w', 'LineWidth', 8);
hLine = line(xData, yData, varargin{:}, 'LineWidth', 3);
end
这是一个示例脚本,使用这些脚本来重新创建上面的漫画.我通过使用ginput鼠标标记绘图中的点来重新创建线条,捕获它们,然后根据我的需要绘制它们:
xS = [0.0359 0.0709 0.1004 0.1225 0.1501 0.1759 0.2219 0.2477 0.2974 0.3269 0.3582 0.3895 0.4061 0.4337 0.4558 0.4797 0.5074 0.5276 0.5589 0.5810 0.6013 0.6179 0.6271 0.6344 0.6381 0.6418 0.6529 0.6713 0.6842 0.6934 0.7026 0.7118 0.7265 0.7376 0.7560 0.7726 0.7836 0.7965 0.8149 0.8370 0.8573 0.8867 0.9033 0.9346 0.9659 0.9843 0.9936];
yS = [0.2493 0.2520 0.2548 0.2548 0.2602 0.2629 0.2629 0.2657 0.2793 0.2657 0.2575 0.2575 0.2602 0.2629 0.2657 0.2766 0.2793 0.2875 0.3202 0.3856 0.4619 0.5490 0.6771 0.7670 0.7970 0.8270 0.8433 0.8433 0.8243 0.7180 0.6199 0.5272 0.4510 0.4128 0.3392 0.2711 0.2275 0.1757 0.1485 0.1131 0.1022 0.0858 0.0858 0.1022 0.1267 0.1567 0.1594];
xF = [0.0304 0.0488 0.0727 0.0967 0.1335 0.1630 0.2090 0.2348 0.2698 0.3011 0.3269 0.3545 0.3803 0.4153 0.4466 0.4724 0.4945 0.5110 0.5350 0.5516 0.5608 0.5700 0.5755 0.5810 0.5884 0.6013 0.6179 0.6363 0.6492 0.6584 0.6676 0.6731 0.6842 0.6860 0.6934 0.7007 0.7136 0.7265 0.7394 0.7560 0.7726 0.7818 0.8057 0.8444 0.8794 0.9107 0.9475 0.9751 0.9917];
yF = [0.0804 0.0940 0.0967 0.1049 0.1185 0.1458 0.1512 0.1540 0.1649 0.1812 0.1812 0.1703 0.1621 0.1594 0.1703 0.1975 0.2411 0.3065 0.3801 0.4782 0.5708 0.6526 0.7452 0.8106 0.8324 0.8488 0.8433 0.8270 0.7888 0.7343 0.6826 0.5981 0.5300 0.4782 0.3910 0.3420 0.2847 0.2248 0.1621 0.0995 0.0668 0.0395 0.0232 0.0177 0.0204 0.0232 0.0259 0.0204 0.0232];
xE = [0.0267 0.0488 0.0856 0.1409 0.1759 0.2164 0.2514 0.3011 0.3269 0.3637 0.3969 0.4245 0.4503 0.4890 0.5313 0.5608 0.5939 0.6344 0.6694 0.6934 0.7192 0.7394 0.7523 0.7689 0.7891 0.8131 0.8481 0.8757 0.9070 0.9346 0.9604 0.9807 0.9936];
yE = [0.0232 0.0232 0.0232 0.0259 0.0259 0.0259 0.0313 0.0259 0.0259 0.0259 0.0368 0.0395 0.0477 0.0586 0.0777 0.0886 0.1213 0.1730 0.2466 0.2902 0.3638 0.5082 0.6499 0.7916 0.8924 0.9414 0.9550 0.9387 0.9060 0.8760 0.8542 0.8379 0.8188];
hFigure = figure('Position', [300 300 700 450], 'Color', 'w');
hAxes = xkcd_axes({'left', 'right'}, 'XTick', [0.45 0.60 0.7 0.8], ...
'XTickLabel', {'YARD', 'STEPS', 'DOOR', 'INSIDE'}, ...
'YTick', []);
hSpeed = xkcd_line(xS, yS, 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', [0.5 0.5 0.5]);
hFear = xkcd_line(xF, yF, 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', [0 0.5 1]);
hEmb = xkcd_line(xE, yE, 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'r');
hText = xkcd_text(0.27, 0.9, ...
{'WALKING BACK TO MY'; 'FRONT DOOR AT NIGHT:'}, ...
'Parent', hAxes, 'EdgeColor', 'k', ...
'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');
hSpeedNote = xkcd_text(0.36, 0.35, {'FORWARD'; 'SPEED'}, ...
'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k', ...
'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');
hSpeedLine = xkcd_line([0.4116 0.4282 0.4355 0.4411], ...
[0.3392 0.3256 0.3038 0.2820], ...
'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k');
hFearNote = xkcd_text(0.15, 0.45, {'FEAR'; 'THAT THERE''S'; ...
'SOMETHING'; 'BEIND ME'}, ...
'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k', ...
'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');
hFearLine = xkcd_line([0.1906 0.1998 0.2127 0.2127 0.2201 0.2256], ...
[0.3501 0.3093 0.2629 0.2221 0.1975 0.1676], ...
'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k');
hEmbNote = xkcd_text(0.88, 0.45, {'EMBARRASSMENT'}, ...
'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k', ...
'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');
hEmbLine = xkcd_line([0.8168 0.8094 0.7983 0.7781 0.7578], ...
[0.4864 0.5436 0.5872 0.6063 0.6226], ...
'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k');
而且(小号)这是由此产生的情节!:
- 这很棒,虽然情节遭受混叠.我在这里写了一篇关于如何处理的简短帖子:http://hugocarr.com/index/xkcd-style-graphs-in-matlab/ (4认同)
- 精彩!我唯一的评论是,从文本指向的线条应该更薄,更弯曲(更少摇摆). (2认同)
Rod*_*uis 27
那么,这是我原油不那么粗糙但仍然不太完美的尝试:
%# init
%# ------------------------
noise = @(x,A) A*randn(size(x));
ns = @(x,A) A*ones(size(x));
h = figure(2); clf, hold on
pos = get(h, 'position');
set(h, 'position', [pos(1:2) 800 450]);
blackline = {
'k', ...
'linewidth', 2};
axisline = {
'k', ...
'linewidth', 3};
textprops = {
'fontName','Comic Sans MS',...
'fontSize', 14,...
'lineWidth',3};
%# Plot data
%# ------------------------
x = 1:0.1:10;
y0 = sin(x).*exp(-x/30) + 3;
y1 = sin(x).*exp(-x/3) + 3;
y2 = 3*exp(-(x-7).^6/.05) + 1;
y0 = y0 + noise(x, 0.01);
y1 = y1 + noise(x, 0.01);
y2 = y2 + noise(x, 0.01);
%# plot
plot(x,y0, 'color', [0.7 0.7 0.7], 'lineWidth',3);
plot(x,y1, 'w','lineWidth',7);
plot(x,y1, 'b','lineWidth',3);
plot(x,y2, 'w','lineWidth',7);
plot(x,y2, 'r','lineWidth',3);
%# text
%# ------------------------
ll(1) = text(1.3, 4.2,...
{'Walking back to my'
'front door at night:'});
ll(2) = text(5, 0.7, 'yard');
ll(3) = text(6.2, 0.7, 'steps');
ll(4) = text(7, 0.7, 'door');
ll(5) = text(8, 0.7, 'inside');
set(ll, textprops{:});
%# arrows & lines
%# ------------------------
%# box around "walking back..."
xx = 1.2:0.1:3.74;
yy = ns(xx, 4.6) + noise(xx, 0.007);
plot(xx, yy, blackline{:})
xx = 1.2:0.1:3.74;
yy = ns(xx, 3.8) + noise(xx, 0.007);
plot(xx, yy, blackline{:})
yy = 3.8:0.1:4.6;
xx = ns(yy, 1.2) + noise(yy, 0.007);
plot(xx, yy, blackline{:})
xx = ns(yy, 3.74) + noise(yy, 0.007);
plot(xx, yy, blackline{:})
%# left arrow
x_arr = 1.2:0.1:4.8;
y_arr = 0.65 * ones(size(x_arr)) + noise(x_arr, 0.005);
plot(x_arr, y_arr, blackline{:})
x_head = [1.1 1.6 1.62];
y_head = [0.65 0.72 0.57];
patch(x_head, y_head, 'k')
%# right arrow
x_arr = 8.7:0.1:9.8;
y_arr = 0.65 * ones(size(x_arr)) + noise(x_arr, 0.005);
plot(x_arr, y_arr, blackline{:})
x_head = [9.8 9.3 9.3];
y_head = [0.65 0.72 0.57];
patch(x_head, y_head, 'k')
%# left line on axis
y_line = 0.8:0.1:1.1;
x_line = ns(y_line, 6.5) + noise(y_line, 0.005);
plot(x_line, y_line, blackline{:})
%# right line on axis
y_line = 0.8:0.1:1.1;
x_line = ns(y_line, 7.2) + noise(y_line, 0.005);
plot(x_line, y_line, blackline{:})
%# axes
x_xax = x;
y_xax = 0.95 + noise(x_xax, 0.01);
y_yax = 0.95:0.1:5;
x_yax = x(1) + noise(y_yax, 0.01);
plot(x_xax, y_xax, axisline{:})
plot(x_yax, y_yax, axisline{:})
% finalize
%# ------------------------
xlim([0.95 10])
ylim([0 5])
axis off
结果:
要做的事:
- 找到更好的功能(更好地分段定义它们)
- 在他们描述的曲线上添加"注释"和波浪线
- 找到比Comic Sans更好的字体!
- 将所有内容概括为函数,
plot2xkcd以便我们可以将任何 plot/figure转换为xkcd样式.
- @RodyOldenhuis:我会在演讲中使用这些图表.通常在"黑客"中你真正了解环境是如何运作的. (6认同)
- @slayton:让我们采用一种非常先进的数字运算工具,它设计得非常高效,能够尽可能精确地制作漂亮的,可以发布的情节,让我们用它来制作......**漫画**.对不起,那太傻了.这很有趣*但是,这就是为什么大多数人在这里投票,以及重新打开的问题.这对未来的访客有用吗？嗯......它确实*鼓舞人心.也许它会邀请一些人学习Matlab.但是让xkcd风格正常工作将需要黑客和技术,这至少是有问题的...... (2认同)
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