具有动态列的MySQL数据透视表查询

Question

我使用下表来存储产品数据:

mysql> SELECT * FROM product;
+---------------+---------------+--------+
| id | name     | description   | stock  |
+---------------+---------------+--------+
|  1 | product1 | first product |    5   | 
|  2 | product2 | second product|    5   | 
+---------------+---------------+--------+

mysql> SELECT * FROM product_additional;
+-----------------+------------+
| id | fieldname  | fieldvalue |
+-----------------+------------+
|  1 | size       | S          |
|  1 | height     | 103        |
|  2 | size       | L          |
|  2 | height     | 13         |
|  2 | color      | black      |
+-----------------+------------+

使用以下查询从两个表中选择记录

mysql> SELECT 
    p.id
    , p.name
    , p.description
    ,MAX(IF(pa.fieldname = 'size', pa.fieldvalue, NULL)) as `size`
    ,MAX(IF(pa.fieldname = 'height', pa.fieldvalue, NULL)) as `height`
    ,MAX(IF(pa.fieldname = 'color', pa.fieldvalue, NULL)) as `color`
FROM product p
LEFT JOIN product_additional AS pa ON p.id = pa.id
GROUP BY p.id
+---------------+---------------+--------+---------+--------+
| id | name     | description   | size   | height  | color  |
+---------------+---------------+--------+---------+--------+
|  1 | product1 | first product | S      | 103     | null   |
|  2 | product2 | second product| L      | 13      | black  |
+---------------+---------------+--------+---------+--------+

一切正常:)

因为我动态地填充'附加'表,如果查询也是动态的,那将是很好的.这样我每次输入新的fieldname和fieldvalue时都不必更改查询.

Answer 1

MySQL动态执行此操作的唯一方法是使用Prepared语句.这是一篇关于它们的好文章:

动态数据透视表(将行转换为列)

您的代码如下所示:

SET @sql = NULL;
SELECT
  GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT
    CONCAT(
      'MAX(IF(pa.fieldname = ''',
      fieldname,
      ''', pa.fieldvalue, NULL)) AS ',
      fieldname
    )
  ) INTO @sql
FROM product_additional;

SET @sql = CONCAT('SELECT p.id
                    , p.name
                    , p.description, ', @sql, ' 
                   FROM product p
                   LEFT JOIN product_additional AS pa 
                    ON p.id = pa.id
                   GROUP BY p.id');

PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;

请参阅SQL Fiddle with Demo

注意:GROUP_CONCAT函数的最大长度为1024个字符.请参阅参数group_concat_max_len

Answer 2

我的做法与接受的答案略有不同。这样您就可以避免使用 GROUP_CONCAT，默认情况下它的限制为 1024 个字符，如果您有很多字段，除非您更改限制，否则将无法使用。

SET @sql = '';
SELECT
    @sql := CONCAT(@sql,if(@sql='','',', '),temp.output)
FROM
(
    SELECT
      DISTINCT
        CONCAT(
         'MAX(IF(pa.fieldname = ''',
          fieldname,
          ''', pa.fieldvalue, NULL)) AS ',
          fieldname
        ) as output
    FROM
        product_additional
) as temp;

SET @sql = CONCAT('SELECT p.id
                    , p.name
                    , p.description, ', @sql, ' 
                   FROM product p
                   LEFT JOIN product_additional AS pa 
                    ON p.id = pa.id
                   GROUP BY p.id, p.name, p.description');

PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;

单击此处进行演示