使用掩码实现输入

Question

我想为input接受日期的文本字段实现掩码.掩码值应直接显示在内部input.

像这样的东西:

<input type='text' value='____/__/__'>

我在这个例子中将掩码编写为值,但我的目的是允许人们在没有输入的情况下写日期/或-分开几个月,几年和几天.用户应该能够在显示的字段中输入数字,而掩码会在用户键入时自动强制执行格式.

我在其他网站上看到过这种行为,但我不知道它是如何工作的或如何自己实现它.

Answer 1

输入掩码可使用的组合来实现keyup事件,并且,和特性.这是一个非常简单的实现,可以完成您想要的一些操作.它当然不是完美的,但足以证明原理:HTMLInputElement valueselectionStartselectionEnd

Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.body.querySelectorAll("*[data-mask]"), applyDataMask);

function applyDataMask(field) {
    var mask = field.dataset.mask.split('');
    
    // For now, this just strips everything that's not a number
    function stripMask(maskedData) {
        function isDigit(char) {
            return /\d/.test(char);
        }
        return maskedData.split('').filter(isDigit);
    }
    
    // Replace `_` characters with characters from `data`
    function applyMask(data) {
        return mask.map(function(char) {
            if (char != '_') return char;
            if (data.length == 0) return char;
            return data.shift();
        }).join('')
    }
    
    function reapplyMask(data) {
        return applyMask(stripMask(data));
    }
    
    function changed() {   
        var oldStart = field.selectionStart;
        var oldEnd = field.selectionEnd;
        
        field.value = reapplyMask(field.value);
        
        field.selectionStart = oldStart;
        field.selectionEnd = oldEnd;
    }
    
    field.addEventListener('click', changed)
    field.addEventListener('keyup', changed)
}

ISO Date: <input type="text" value="____-__-__" data-mask="____-__-__"/><br/>
Telephone: <input type="text" value="(___) ___-____" data-mask="(___) ___-____"/><br/>

(在JSFiddle中查看)

还有许多库可以执行此功能.一些例子包括:

• jquery.inputmask
• 掩盖输入插件
• Politespace(提供输入掩码的替代方案)

Answer 2

阅读完所有帖子后,我做了自己的实现,希望对某人有所帮助:

这个想法是,

1. 只允许输入数字.(按键事件)
2. 获取数组中的所有数字
3. 用循环中的数组中的数字替换掩码的每个"_"字符

欢迎改进.

/**
 * charCode [48,57] 	Numbers 0 to 9
 * keyCode 46  			"delete"
 * keyCode 9  			"tab"
 * keyCode 13  			"enter"
 * keyCode 116 			"F5"
 * keyCode 8  			"backscape"
 * keyCode 37,38,39,40	Arrows
 * keyCode 10			(LF)
 */
function validate_int(myEvento) {
  if ((myEvento.charCode >= 48 && myEvento.charCode <= 57) || myEvento.keyCode == 9 || myEvento.keyCode == 10 || myEvento.keyCode == 13 || myEvento.keyCode == 8 || myEvento.keyCode == 116 || myEvento.keyCode == 46 || (myEvento.keyCode <= 40 && myEvento.keyCode >= 37)) {
    dato = true;
  } else {
    dato = false;
  }
  return dato;
}

function phone_number_mask() {
  var myMask = "(___) ___-____";
  var myCaja = document.getElementById("phone");
  var myText = "";
  var myNumbers = [];
  var myOutPut = ""
  var theLastPos = 1;
  myText = myCaja.value;
  //get numbers
  for (var i = 0; i < myText.length; i++) {
    if (!isNaN(myText.charAt(i)) && myText.charAt(i) != " ") {
      myNumbers.push(myText.charAt(i));
    }
  }
  //write over mask
  for (var j = 0; j < myMask.length; j++) {
    if (myMask.charAt(j) == "_") { //replace "_" by a number 
      if (myNumbers.length == 0)
        myOutPut = myOutPut + myMask.charAt(j);
      else {
        myOutPut = myOutPut + myNumbers.shift();
        theLastPos = j + 1; //set caret position
      }
    } else {
      myOutPut = myOutPut + myMask.charAt(j);
    }
  }
  document.getElementById("phone").value = myOutPut;
  document.getElementById("phone").setSelectionRange(theLastPos, theLastPos);
}

document.getElementById("phone").onkeypress = validate_int;
document.getElementById("phone").onkeyup = phone_number_mask;

<input type="text" name="phone" id="phone" placeholder="(123) 456-7890" required="required" title="e.g (123) 456-7890" pattern="^\([0-9]{3}\)\s[0-9]{3}-[0-9]{4}$">

Answer 3

您也可以使用JavaScripts的本机方法来实现此目的.它非常简单,不需要任何额外的库导入.

<input type="text" name="date" placeholder="yyyy-mm-dd" onkeyup="
  var date = this.value;
  if (date.match(/^\d{4}$/) !== null) {
     this.value = date + '-';
  } else if (date.match(/^\d{4}\-\d{2}$/) !== null) {
     this.value = date + '-';
  }" maxlength="10">

Answer 4

一种响应input事件而不是按键事件（如keyup）的解决方案将提供流畅的体验（没有摆动），并且在不使用键盘进行更改（上下文菜单，鼠标拖动，其他设备...）的情况下也可以使用。

下面的代码将查找同时具有placeholder属性和data-slots属性的输入元素。后者应在占位符中定义用作输入槽的字符，例如“ _”。data-accept可以为正则表达式提供一个可选属性，该正则表达式定义在此类插槽中允许使用哪些字符。默认值为\d，即数字。

// This code empowers all input tags having a placeholder and data-slots attribute
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
    for (const el of document.querySelectorAll("[placeholder][data-slots]")) {
        const pattern = el.getAttribute("placeholder"),
            slots = new Set(el.dataset.slots || "_"),
            prev = (j => Array.from(pattern, (c,i) => slots.has(c)? j=i+1: j))(0),
            first = [...pattern].findIndex(c => slots.has(c)),
            accept = new RegExp(el.dataset.accept || "\\d", "g"),
            clean = input => {
                input = input.match(accept) || [];
                return Array.from(pattern, c =>
                    input[0] === c || slots.has(c) ? input.shift() || c : c
                );
            },
            format = () => {
                const [i, j] = [el.selectionStart, el.selectionEnd].map(i => {
                    i = clean(el.value.slice(0, i)).findIndex(c => slots.has(c));
                    return i<0? prev[prev.length-1]: back? prev[i-1] || first: i;
                });
                el.value = clean(el.value).join``;
                el.setSelectionRange(i, j);
                back = false;
            };
        let back = false;
        el.addEventListener("keydown", (e) => back = e.key === "Backspace");
        el.addEventListener("input", format);
        el.addEventListener("focus", format);
        el.addEventListener("blur", () => el.value === pattern && (el.value=""));
    }
});

[data-slots] { font-family: monospace }

<label>Date time: 
    <input placeholder="dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm" data-slots="dmyh">
</label><br>
<label>Telephone:
    <input placeholder="+1 (___) ___-____" data-slots="_">
</label><br>
<label>MAC Address:
    <input placeholder="XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX" data-slots="X" data-accept="[\dA-H]">
</label><br>
<label>Signed number (3 digits):
    <input placeholder="±___" data-slots="±_" data-accept="^[+-]|(?!^)\d" size="4">
</label><br>
<label>Alphanumeric:
    <input placeholder="__-__-__-____" data-slots="_" data-accept="\w" size="13">
</label><br>

Answer 5

您也可以尝试我的实现，它在键入内容时每次按键后都没有延迟，并且完全支持退格和删除。

可以在线试用：https : //jsfiddle.net/qmyo6a1h/1/

    <html>
    <style>
    input{
      font-family:'monospace';
    }
    </style>
    <body>
      <input type="text" id="phone" placeholder="123-5678-1234" title="123-5678-1234" input-mask="___-____-____">
      <input type="button" onClick="showValue_phone()" value="Show Value" />
      <input type="text" id="console_phone" />
      <script>
        function InputMask(element) {
          var self = this;

          self.element = element;

          self.mask = element.attributes["input-mask"].nodeValue;

          self.inputBuffer = "";

          self.cursorPosition = 0;

          self.bufferCursorPosition = 0;

          self.dataLength = getDataLength();

          function getDataLength() {
            var ret = 0;

            for (var i = 0; i < self.mask.length; i++) {
              if (self.mask.charAt(i) == "_") {
                ret++;
              }
            }

            return ret;
          }

          self.keyEventHandler = function (obj) {
            obj.preventDefault();

            self.updateBuffer(obj);
            self.manageCursor(obj);
            self.render();
            self.moveCursor();
          }

          self.updateBufferPosition = function () {
            var selectionStart = self.element.selectionStart;
            self.bufferCursorPosition = self.displayPosToBufferPos(selectionStart);
            console.log("self.bufferCursorPosition==" + self.bufferCursorPosition);
          }

          self.onClick = function () {
            self.updateBufferPosition();
          }

          self.updateBuffer = function (obj) {
            if (obj.keyCode == 8) {
              self.inputBuffer = self.inputBuffer.substring(0, self.bufferCursorPosition - 1) + self.inputBuffer.substring(self.bufferCursorPosition);
            }
            else if (obj.keyCode == 46) {
              self.inputBuffer = self.inputBuffer.substring(0, self.bufferCursorPosition) + self.inputBuffer.substring(self.bufferCursorPosition + 1);
            }
            else if (obj.keyCode >= 37 && obj.keyCode <= 40) {
              //do nothing on cursor keys.
            }
            else {
              var selectionStart = self.element.selectionStart;
              var bufferCursorPosition = self.displayPosToBufferPos(selectionStart);
              self.inputBuffer = self.inputBuffer.substring(0, bufferCursorPosition) + String.fromCharCode(obj.which) + self.inputBuffer.substring(bufferCursorPosition);
              if (self.inputBuffer.length > self.dataLength) {
                self.inputBuffer = self.inputBuffer.substring(0, self.dataLength);
              }
            }
          }

          self.manageCursor = function (obj) {
            console.log(obj.keyCode);
            if (obj.keyCode == 8) {
              self.bufferCursorPosition--;
            }
            else if (obj.keyCode == 46) {
              //do nothing on delete key.
            }
            else if (obj.keyCode >= 37 && obj.keyCode <= 40) {
              if (obj.keyCode == 37) {
                self.bufferCursorPosition--;
              }
              else if (obj.keyCode == 39) {
                self.bufferCursorPosition++;
              }
            }
            else {
              var bufferCursorPosition = self.displayPosToBufferPos(self.element.selectionStart);
              self.bufferCursorPosition = bufferCursorPosition + 1;
            }
          }

          self.setCursorByBuffer = function (bufferCursorPosition) {
            var displayCursorPos = self.bufferPosToDisplayPos(bufferCursorPosition);
            self.element.setSelectionRange(displayCursorPos, displayCursorPos);
          }

          self.moveCursor = function () {
            self.setCursorByBuffer(self.bufferCursorPosition);
          }

          self.render = function () {
            var bufferCopy = self.inputBuffer;
            var ret = {
              muskifiedValue: ""
            };

            var lastChar = 0;

            for (var i = 0; i < self.mask.length; i++) {
              if (self.mask.charAt(i) == "_" &&
                bufferCopy) {
                ret.muskifiedValue += bufferCopy.charAt(0);
                bufferCopy = bufferCopy.substr(1);
                lastChar = i;
              }
              else {
                ret.muskifiedValue += self.mask.charAt(i);
              }
            }

            self.element.value = ret.muskifiedValue;

          }

          self.preceedingMaskCharCount = function (displayCursorPos) {
            var lastCharIndex = 0;
            var ret = 0;

            for (var i = 0; i < self.element.value.length; i++) {
              if (self.element.value.charAt(i) == "_"
                || i > displayCursorPos - 1) {
                lastCharIndex = i;
                break;
              }
            }

            if (self.mask.charAt(lastCharIndex - 1) != "_") {
              var i = lastCharIndex - 1;
              while (self.mask.charAt(i) != "_") {
                i--;
                if (i < 0) break;
                ret++;
              }
            }

            return ret;
          }

          self.leadingMaskCharCount = function (displayIndex) {
            var ret = 0;

            for (var i = displayIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
              if (i >= self.mask.length) {
                continue;
              }
              if (self.mask.charAt(i) != "_") {
                ret++;
              }
            }

            return ret;
          }

          self.bufferPosToDisplayPos = function (bufferIndex) {
            var offset = 0;
            var indexInBuffer = 0;

            for (var i = 0; i < self.mask.length; i++) {
              if (indexInBuffer > bufferIndex) {
                break;
              }

              if (self.mask.charAt(i) != "_") {
                offset++;
                continue;
              }

              indexInBuffer++;
            }
            var ret = bufferIndex + offset;

            return ret;
          }

          self.displayPosToBufferPos = function (displayIndex) {
            var offset = 0;
            var indexInBuffer = 0;

            for (var i = 0; i < self.mask.length && i <= displayIndex; i++) {
              if (indexInBuffer >= self.inputBuffer.length) {
                break;
              }

              if (self.mask.charAt(i) != "_") {
                offset++;
                continue;
              }

              indexInBuffer++;
            }

            return displayIndex - offset;
          }

          self.getValue = function () {
            return this.inputBuffer;
          }
          self.element.onkeypress = self.keyEventHandler;
          self.element.onclick = self.onClick;
        }

        function InputMaskManager() {
          var self = this;

          self.instances = {};

          self.add = function (id) {
            var elem = document.getElementById(id);
            var maskInstance = new InputMask(elem);
            self.instances[id] = maskInstance;
          }

          self.getValue = function (id) {
            return self.instances[id].getValue();
          }

          document.onkeydown = function (obj) {
            if (obj.target.attributes["input-mask"]) {
              if (obj.keyCode == 8 ||
                obj.keyCode == 46 ||
                (obj.keyCode >= 37 && obj.keyCode <= 40)) {

                if (obj.keyCode == 8 || obj.keyCode == 46) {
                  obj.preventDefault();
                }

                //needs to broadcast to all instances here:
                var keys = Object.keys(self.instances);
                for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
                  if (self.instances[keys[i]].element.id == obj.target.id) {
                    self.instances[keys[i]].keyEventHandler(obj);
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }

        //Initialize an instance of InputMaskManager and
        //add masker instances by passing in the DOM ids
        //of each HTML counterpart.
        var maskMgr = new InputMaskManager();
        maskMgr.add("phone");

        function showValue_phone() {
          //-------------------------------------------------------__Value_Here_____
          document.getElementById("console_phone").value = maskMgr.getValue("phone");
        }
      </script>
    </body>

    </html>