hor*_*guy 17 c algorithm flood-fill
我一直在努力找到一个有效的填充算法.在许多算法中,我只尝试过"递归线填充",其中一个行为完全符合它应该的主要警告,它偶尔会打击堆栈.:(
我已经尝试了很多我发现的非递归实现,并且它们都非常温和:要么在奇怪的地方留下空隙,要么泛滥整个区域(当它们应该被封闭时).
任何人都有一个用C语言编写的非递归填充工作源代码(或者c ++不是太大的OOP而且我可以很容易地解开)?
Jar*_*ike 25
只需实现一堆int对,其中包含一些固定大小的数组(例如,像素的大小或像素的平方根),并使用int跟踪顶部.
以下是一些非递归实现floodfill的C#代码:
private static void Floodfill(byte[,] vals, Point q, byte SEED_COLOR, byte COLOR)
{
int h = vals.GetLength(0);
int w = vals.GetLength(1);
if (q.Y < 0 || q.Y > h - 1 || q.X < 0 || q.X > w - 1)
return;
Stack<Point> stack = new Stack<Point>();
stack.Push(q);
while (stack.Count > 0)
{
Point p = stack.Pop();
int x = p.X;
int y = p.Y;
if (y < 0 || y > h - 1 || x < 0 || x > w - 1)
continue;
byte val = vals[y, x];
if (val == SEED_COLOR)
{
vals[y, x] = COLOR;
stack.Push(new Point(x + 1, y));
stack.Push(new Point(x - 1, y));
stack.Push(new Point(x, y + 1));
stack.Push(new Point(x, y - 1));
}
}
}
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rlb*_*ond 11
这里有一些C++代码可以满足您的需求.它使用队列,并且更有效地插入队列.
connectedRegion(const Point& source, RegionType& region, const Color target)
{
Color src_color = color_of(source, region);
if (region.count(source) == 0 || src_color == target)
return;
std::queue<Point> analyze_queue;
analyze_queue.push(source);
while (!analyze_queue.empty())
{
if (color_of(analyze_queue.front()) != src_color)
{
analyze_queue.pop();
continue;
}
Point leftmost_pt = analyze_queue.front();
leftmost_pt.col -= 1;
analyze_queue.pop();
Point rightmost_pt = leftmost_pt;
rightmost_pt.col += 2;
while (color_of(leftmost_pt, region) == src_color)
--leftmost_pt.col;
while (color_of(rightmost_pt, region) == src_color)
++rightmost_pt.col;
bool check_above = true;
bool check_below = true;
Point pt = leftmost_pt;
++pt.col;
for (; pt.col < rightmost_pt.col; ++pt.col)
{
set_color(pt, region, target);
Point pt_above = pt;
--pt_above.row;
if (check_above)
{
if (color_of(pt_above, region) == src_color)
{
analyze_queue.push(pt_above);
check_above = false;
}
}
else // !check_above
{
check_above = (color_of(pt_above, region) != src_color);
}
Point pt_below = pt;
++pt_below.row;
if (check_below)
{
if (color_of(pt_below, region) == src_color)
{
analyze_queue.push(pt_below);
check_below = false;
}
}
else // !check_below
{
check_below = (color_of(pt_below, region) != src_color);
}
} // for
} // while queue not empty
return connected;
}
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一个快速的谷歌搜索引出维基百科有关Flood Fill的文章,其中包括非递归的伪代码实现.下面是一些可以帮助您入门的代码,C中的基本队列实现:
typedef struct queue_ { struct queue_ *next; } queue_t;
typedef struct ffnode_ { queue_t node; int x, y; } ffnode_t;
/* returns the new head of the queue after adding node to the queue */
queue_t* enqueue(queue_t *queue, queue_t *node) {
if (node) {
node->next = queue;
return node;
}
return NULL;
}
/* returns the head of the queue and modifies queue to be the new head */
queue_t* dequeue(queue_t **queue) {
if (queue) {
queue_t *node = (*queue);
(*queue) = node->next;
node->next = NULL;
return node;
}
return NULL;
}
ffnode_t* new_ffnode(int x, int y) {
ffnode_t *node = (ffnode_t*)malloc(sizeof(ffnode_t));
node->x = x; node->y = y;
node->node.next = NULL;
return node;
}
void flood_fill(image_t *image, int startx, int starty,
color_t target, color_t replacement) {
queue_t *head = NULL;
ffnode_t *node = NULL;
if (!is_color(image, startx, starty, target)) return;
node = new_ffnode(startx, starty);
for ( ; node != NULL; node = (ffnode_t*)dequeue(&head)) {
if (is_color(image, node->x, node->y, target)) {
ffnode_t *west = node, *east = node;
recolor(image, node->x, node->y, replacement);
/* 1. move w to the west until the color of the node to the west
no longer matches target */
...
}
}
}
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是不是有证据表明所有递归函数都可以通过使用本地数据模拟堆栈来实现为迭代函数?您可以使用std :: vector来创建算法的类似堆栈的行为,而不会破坏堆栈,因为它将使用堆.
编辑:我注意到你正在使用C,所以你可以通过realloc实现类似的行为,而不是std :: vector,因为你需要在你所使用的任何数据结构的本地"堆栈"中添加更多元素.
我不知道我的答案是否与您提出的问题完全相关,但此后我提出了我的 C 版本的 Flood-Fill 算法,该算法不使用递归调用。
2017 年 1 月 11 日:新版本;已成功测试两个位图。
它仅使用新点偏移量的队列,它适用于窗口:WinnOffs-(WinDimX,WinDimY) 双缓冲区:*VBuffer(屏幕或图像的副本),并且可以选择写入掩码洪水填充的结果 (*ExtraVBuffer)。调用前ExtraVBuff必须填0(如果不需要掩码可以设置ExtraVBuff= NULL);在调用后使用它,您可以进行渐变填充或其他绘画效果。NewFloodFill 适用于每像素 32 位,它是一个 C 函数。我在 1991 年重新发明了这个算法(我用 Pascal 编写了他的算法),但现在它可以在 C 语言中运行,每像素 32 位;也不使用任何函数调用,只在每次从队列中“弹出”后进行除法,并且永远不会溢出队列,如果它的大小正确(大约图像像素的 1/4),它允许始终正确填充任何区域;我在 c 函数 (FFILL.C) 之前、测试程序 (TEST.C) 之后显示:
#define IMAGE_WIDTH 1024
#define IMAGE_HEIGHT 768
#define IMAGE_SIZE IMAGE_WIDTH*IMAGE_HEIGHT
#define QUEUE_MAX IMAGE_SIZE/4
typedef int T_Queue[QUEUE_MAX];
typedef int T_Image[IMAGE_SIZE];
void NewFloodFill(int X,
int Y,
int Color,
int BuffDimX,
int WinOffS,
int WinDimX,
int WinDimY,
T_Image VBuffer,
T_Image ExtraVBuff,
T_Queue MyQueue)
/* Replaces all pixels adjacent to the first pixel and equal to this; */
/* if ExtraVBuff == NULL writes to *VBuffer (eg BUFFER of 786432 Pixel),*/
/* otherwise prepare a mask by writing on *ExtraVBuff (such BUFFER must */
/* always have the same size as *VBuffer (it must be initialized to 0)).*/
/* X,Y: Point coordinates' of origin of the flood-fill. */
/* WinOffS: Writing start offset on *VBuffer and *ExtraVBuff. */
/* BuffDimX: Width, in number of Pixel (int), of each buffer. */
/* WinDimX: Width, in number of Pixel (int), of the window. */
/* Color: New color that replace all_Pixel == origin's_point. */
/* WinDimY: Height, in number of Pixel (int), of the window. */
/* VBuffer: Pointer to the primary buffer. */
/* ExtraVBuff: Pointer to the mask buffer (can be = NULL). */
/* MyQueue: Pointer to the queue, containing the new-points' offsets*/
{
int VBuffCurrOffs=WinOffS+X+Y*BuffDimX;
int PixelIn=VBuffer[VBuffCurrOffs];
int QueuePnt=0;
int *TempAddr=((ExtraVBuff) ? ExtraVBuff : VBuffer);
int TempOffs1;
int TempX1;
int TempX2;
char FLAG;
if (0<=X && X<WinDimX && 0<=Y && Y<WinDimY) do
{
/* Fill to left the current line */
TempX2=X;
while (X>=0 && PixelIn==VBuffer[VBuffCurrOffs])
{
TempAddr[VBuffCurrOffs--]=Color;
--X;
}
TempOffs1=VBuffCurrOffs+1;
TempX1=X+1;
/* Fill to right the current line */
VBuffCurrOffs+=TempX2-X;
X=TempX2;
while (X+1<WinDimX && PixelIn==VBuffer[VBuffCurrOffs+1])
{
++X;
TempAddr[++VBuffCurrOffs]=Color;
}
TempX2=X;
/* Backward scan of the previous line; puts new points offset in Queue[] */
if (Y>0)
{
FLAG=1;
VBuffCurrOffs-=BuffDimX;
while (X-->=TempX1)
{
if (PixelIn!=VBuffer[VBuffCurrOffs] ||
ExtraVBuff && Color==ExtraVBuff[VBuffCurrOffs])
FLAG=1;
else
if (FLAG)
{
FLAG=0;
if (QueuePnt<QUEUE_MAX)
MyQueue[QueuePnt++]=VBuffCurrOffs;
}
--VBuffCurrOffs;
}
}
/* Forward scan of the next line; puts new points offset in Queue[] */
if (Y<WinDimY-1)
{
FLAG=1;
VBuffCurrOffs=TempOffs1+BuffDimX;
X=TempX1;
while (X++<=TempX2)
{
if (PixelIn!=VBuffer[VBuffCurrOffs] ||
ExtraVBuff && Color==ExtraVBuff[VBuffCurrOffs])
FLAG=1;
else
if (FLAG)
{
FLAG=0;
if (QueuePnt<QUEUE_MAX)
MyQueue[QueuePnt++]=VBuffCurrOffs;
}
++VBuffCurrOffs;
}
}
/* Gets a new point offset from Queue[] */
if (--QueuePnt>=0)
{
VBuffCurrOffs=MyQueue[QueuePnt];
TempOffs1=VBuffCurrOffs-WinOffS;
X=TempOffs1%BuffDimX;
Y=TempOffs1/BuffDimX;
}
/* Repeat the main cycle until the Queue[] is not empty */
} while (QueuePnt>=0);
}
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这是测试程序:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "ffill.c"
#define RED_COL 0xFFFF0000
#define WIN_LEFT 52
#define WIN_TOP 48
#define WIN_WIDTH 920
#define WIN_HEIGHT 672
#define START_LEFT 0
#define START_TOP 671
#define BMP_HEADER_SIZE 54
typedef char T_Image_Header[BMP_HEADER_SIZE];
void main(void)
{
T_Image_Header bmpheader;
T_Image *image;
T_Image *mask;
T_Queue *MyQueue;
FILE *stream;
char *filename1="ffill1.bmp";
char *filename2="ffill2.bmp";
char *filename3="ffill3.bmp";
int bwritten;
int bread;
image=malloc(sizeof(*image));
mask=malloc(sizeof(*mask));
MyQueue=malloc(sizeof(*MyQueue));
stream=fopen(filename1,"rb");
bread=fread(&bmpheader, 1, BMP_HEADER_SIZE, stream);
bread=fread((char *)image, 1, IMAGE_SIZE<<2, stream);
fclose(stream);
memset(mask,0,IMAGE_SIZE<<2);
NewFloodFill(START_LEFT,
START_TOP,
RED_COL,
IMAGE_WIDTH,
IMAGE_WIDTH*WIN_TOP+WIN_LEFT,
WIN_WIDTH,
WIN_HEIGHT,
*image,
NULL,
*MyQueue);
stream=fopen(filename2,"wb+");
bwritten=fwrite(&bmpheader, 1, BMP_HEADER_SIZE, stream);
bwritten=fwrite((char *)image, 1, IMAGE_SIZE<<2, stream);
fclose(stream);
stream=fopen(filename3,"wb+");
bwritten=fwrite(&bmpheader, 1, BMP_HEADER_SIZE, stream);
bwritten=fwrite((char *)mask, 1, IMAGE_SIZE<<2, stream);
fclose(stream);
free(MyQueue);
free(mask);
free(image);
}
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对于所示测试程序的输入,我使用了以下 Windows 未压缩 .BMP 图像 (ffill1.bmp):
填充后,通过测试程序显示,如下(ffill2.bmp):
使用“mask”而不是 NULL,输出位图为 (ffill3.bmp):