自动装配在Spring 3.1.2,JUnit 4.10.0中不起作用

Question

使用Spring 3.1.2,JUnit 4.10.0,这两个版本都很新.我遇到的问题是我无法使基于注释的自动装配工作.

下面是两个样本,一个没有使用注释,这是正常工作.而第二个使用注释,这是行不通的,我找不到原因.我几乎遵循了spring-mvc-test的样本.

工作:

package com.company.web.api;
// imports

public class ApiTests {   

    @Test
    public void testApiGetUserById() throws Exception {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/com/company/web/api/ApiTests-context.xml");
        UserManagementService userManagementService = (UserManagementService) ctx.getBean("userManagementService");
        ApiUserManagementController apiUserManagementController = new ApiUserManagementController(userManagementService);
        MockMvc mockMvc = standaloneSetup(apiUserManagementController).build();

        // The actual test     
        mockMvc.perform(get("/api/user/0").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)).andExpect(status().isOk());
    }
}

失败,因为userManagementService为空,没有获得自动连接:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration       // should default to ApiTests-context.xml in same package
public class ApiTests {

    @Autowired
    UserManagementService userManagementService;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup(){
        // SetUp never gets called?!
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetUserById() throws Exception {

        // !!! at this point, userManagementService is still null - why? !!!       

        ApiUserManagementController apiUserManagementController 
            = new ApiUserManagementController(userManagementService);

        mockMvc = standaloneSetup(apiUserManagementController).build();

        // The actual test
        mockMvc.perform(get("/api/user/0").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)).andExpect(status().isOk());
    }
}

请注意,上述两个测试类应使用相同的上下文配置,并在其中定义userManagementService.

ApiTests-context.xml中:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8"/>
        <property name="username" value="user"/>
        <property name="password" value="passwd"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- Hibernate SessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"
          p:dataSource-ref="dataSource" p:mappingResources="company.hbm.xml">
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.generate_statistics">${hibernate.generate_statistics}</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
        <property name="eventListeners">
            <map>
                <entry key="merge">
                    <bean class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.IdTransferringMergeEventListener"/>
                </entry>
            </map>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- Transaction manager for a single Hibernate SessionFactory (alternative to JTA) -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"
          p:sessionFactory-ref="sessionFactory"/>

    <!-- ========================= BUSINESS OBJECT DEFINITIONS ========================= -->

    <context:annotation-config/>
    <tx:annotation-driven/>
    <context:mbean-export/>

    <!-- tried both this and context:component-scan -->
    <!--<bean id="userManagementService" class="com.company.web.hibernate.UserManagementServiceImpl"/>-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.company"/>

    <!-- Hibernate's JMX statistics service -->
    <bean name="application:type=HibernateStatistics" class="org.hibernate.jmx.StatisticsService" autowire="byName"/>

</beans>

UserManagementService(接口)以及UserManagementServiceImpl都有@Service注释.

两个小问题/观察:setup()永远不会被调用,即使它有@Before注释.此外,我注意到我的测试方法如果没有以'test'开头就不会被执行/识别,虽然我看到的所有spring-mvc-test样本都不是这样.

pom.xml中:

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>com.springsource.org.junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.10.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

更新:

问题只发生在我从maven运行测试时; 从我的IDE(IntelliJ IDEA)中运行测试时,这没关系.

        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.12.3</version>
            <configuration>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*Tests.java</include>
                </includes>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>

Answer 1

除非您进行组件扫描,否则不会发生自动装配.

你为什么要在代码中注释掉它？

<!--<context:component-scan base-package="com.company"/>-->

还有:junit.如果你在eclipse中,你可以直接进入pom的依赖树视图并过滤junit.检查你实际上是在使用那个版本而不是使用旧的junit.

编辑:好的我刚刚检查了你的配置,并且能够让它在这方面工作.我唯一的猜测是,你以某种方式运行它与一个坏的测试运行器,导致它使用错误的junit.

编辑2(已解决):事实证明问题是因为您使用的是junit的自定义版本.Surefire查找提供的junit库并且无法找到它.因此,它默认为junit 3,这是导致您的应用程序跳过加载配置的原因.

您可以明确指定自定义提供程序

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.12.3</version>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.surefire</groupId>
        <artifactId>surefire-junit47</artifactId>
        <version>2.12.3</version>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </plugin>

但我发现它与自定义回购不兼容.如果可能,我建议使用junit的标准版本.