给定一个"混乱"列表L,得到一个列表,其中每个元素是L的相应元素的索引,如果L被排序

Mat*_*ams 4 python

期望的输出

我想要一个函数返回一个列表,这样,给定一个"混乱"列表l,每个元素是相应元素的索引l,如果l被排序.(我没有想到一种不太复杂的说法,对不起.)

例子

f([3,1,2]) = [2,0,1]

f([3,1,2,2,3])= [3,0,1,2,4],因为输入已排序[1,2,2,3,3].

(这对某些统计数据计算很有用.)

我的尝试

我想出了一种方法来做这个功能,但这是python - 似乎应该有一个单行来做这个,或者至少是一个更清洁,更清晰的方式.

def getIndiciesInSorted(l):
    sortedL = sorted(l)
    outputList = []
    for num in l:
        sortedIndex = sortedL.index(num)
        outputList.append(sortedIndex)
        sortedL[sortedIndex] = None
    return outputList

l=[3,1,2,2,3] 
print getIndiciesInSorted(l)
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那么,我怎样才能更简洁地写出来呢?有清晰易读的清单解决方案吗?

unu*_*tbu 5

def argsort(seq):
    # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3382352/3382369#3382369
    # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3071415/3071441#3071441
    '''
    >>> seq=[1,3,0,4,2]
    >>> index=argsort(seq)
    [2, 0, 4, 1, 3]

    Given seq and the index, you can construct the sorted seq:
    >>> sorted_seq=[seq[x] for x in index]
    >>> assert sorted_seq == sorted(seq)

    Given the sorted seq and the index, you can reconstruct seq:
    >>> assert [sorted_seq[x] for x in argsort(index)] == seq
    '''
    return sorted(range(len(seq)), key=seq.__getitem__)

def f(seq):
    idx = argsort(seq)
    return argsort(idx)

print(f([3,1,2]))
# [2, 0, 1]

print(f([3,1,2,2,3]))
# [3, 0, 1, 2, 4]
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请注意,nightcracker的功能更快:

def get_sorted_indices(l):
    sorted_positions = sorted(range(len(l)), key=l.__getitem__)
    result = [None for _ in range(len(l))]
    for new_index, old_index in enumerate(sorted_positions):
        result[old_index] = new_index
    return result
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长列表的差异可能很大:

In [83]: import random
In [98]: l = [random.randrange(100) for _ in range(10000)]
In [104]: timeit get_sorted_indices(l)
100 loops, best of 3: 4.73 ms per loop

In [105]: timeit f(l)
100 loops, best of 3: 6.64 ms per loop
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