如何从SQL Server存储过程返回值并在Access VBA中使用它们

Question

我在SQL Server中设置了一个可以正常工作的存储过程.我现在可以从VBA调用它,但想要返回一个值来知道是否有任何错误等.我的SP中的最后一个参数设置为OUTPUT:

@DataSetID int = 0,
@Destination char(1)='-',
@errStatusOK bit OUTPUT

我的VBA调用SP是在下面,但它现在不起作用,添加新参数后我不知道我哪里出错了,我一直得到3708 - Parameter object is improperly defined. Inconsistent or incomplete information was provided.:

Set cnn = New adodb.Connection
cnn.ConnectionString = 
   "DRIVER=SQL Server;SERVER=SERVER\SERVER;DATABASE=a_db;Trusted_Connection=Yes"

cnn.Open cnn.ConnectionString

Set cmd = New adodb.Command
cmd.ActiveConnection = cnn
cmd.CommandType = adCmdStoredProc
cmd.CommandText = "stprMoveDataSet"

Set param = cmd.CreateParameter
               ("@DataSetID", adInteger, adParamInput, , stDataSet)
cmd.Parameters.Append param
Set param = cmd.CreateParameter
               ("@Destination", adChar, adParamInput, 1, stDestination)
cmd.Parameters.Append param
Set param = cmd.CreateParameter
               ("@errStatusOK", adBit, adParamReturnValue)
cmd.Parameters.Append param

rs.CursorType = adOpenStatic
rs.CursorLocation = adUseClient
rs.LockType = adLockOptimistic
rs.Open cmd

如何让vba使用OUTPUT参数并使vba的返回值"可读".

编辑 - 我已经将问题更改为更具体地关于返回值而不仅仅是使用OUTPUT参数.

Answer 1

Set cnn = New adodb.Connection
cnn.ConnectionString = 
   "DRIVER=SQL Server;SERVER=SERVER\SERVER;DATABASE=a_db;Trusted_Connection=Yes"

cnn.Open cnn.ConnectionString

Set cmd = New adodb.Command
cmd.ActiveConnection = cnn
cmd.CommandType = adCmdStoredProc
cmd.CommandText = "stprMoveDataSet"

Set param1 = cmd.CreateParameter
               ("@DataSetID", adInteger, adParamInput, , stDataSet)
cmd.Parameters.Append param
Set param2 = cmd.CreateParameter
               ("@Destination", adChar, adParamInput, 1, stDestination)
cmd.Parameters.Append param
Set param3 = cmd.CreateParameter
               ("@errStatusOK", adBit, adParamOutput, , adParamReturnValue)
cmd.Parameters.Append param

rs.CursorType = adOpenStatic
rs.CursorLocation = adUseClient
rs.LockType = adLockOptimistic
rs.Open cmd

Answer 2

有几种方法可以使用VBA获取值.

1. 记录
2. 受影响的记录数(仅适用于插入/更新/删除,否则为-1)
3. 输出参数
4. 返回值

我的代码演示了所有四个.这是一个返回值的存储过程:

Create PROCEDURE CheckExpedite
    @InputX  varchar(10),
    @InputY int,
    @HasExpedite int out
AS
BEGIN
    Select @HasExpedite = 9 from <Table>
    where Column2 = @InputX and Column3 = @InputY

    If @HasExpedite = 9
        Return 2
    Else
        Return 3
End

这是我在Excel VBA中使用的子.您需要参考Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects 2.8 Library.

Sub CheckValue()

    Dim InputX As String: InputX = "6000"
    Dim InputY As Integer: InputY = 2014

    'open connnection
    Dim ACon As New Connection
    'ACon.Open ("Provider=SQLOLEDB;Data Source=<SqlServer>;" & _
    '    "Initial Catalog=<Table>;Integrated Security=SSPI")

    'set command
    Dim ACmd As New Command
    Set ACmd.ActiveConnection = ACon
    ACmd.CommandText = "CheckExpedite"
    ACmd.CommandType = adCmdStoredProc

    'Return value must be first parameter else you'll get error from too many parameters
    'Procedure or function "Name" has too many arguments specified.
    ACmd.Parameters.Append ACmd.CreateParameter("ReturnValue", adInteger, adParamReturnValue)
    ACmd.Parameters.Append ACmd.CreateParameter("InputX", adVarChar, adParamInput, 10, InputX)
    ACmd.Parameters.Append ACmd.CreateParameter("InputY", adInteger, adParamInput, 6, InputY)
    ACmd.Parameters.Append ACmd.CreateParameter("HasExpedite", adInteger, adParamOutput)

    Dim RS As Recordset
    Dim RecordsAffected As Long

    'execute query that returns value
    Call ACmd.Execute(RecordsAffected:=RecordsAffected, Options:=adExecuteNoRecords)

    'execute query that returns recordset
    'Set RS = ACmd.Execute(RecordsAffected:=RecordsAffected)

    'get records affected, return value and output parameter
    Debug.Print "Records affected: " & RecordsAffected
    Debug.Print "Return value: " & ACmd.Parameters("ReturnValue")
    Debug.Print "Output param: " & ACmd.Parameters("HasExpedite")

    'use record set here
    '...

    'close
    If Not RS Is Nothing Then RS.Close
    ACon.Close

End Sub

Answer 3

我最初查看的是OUTPUT参数，但找不到如何将它们返回到Access（在VBA中）然后向用户提供反馈的方法。一位同事建议在存储过程中使用SELECT并使用它。

存储过程：最后添加了以下内容：

SELECT @errStatusOK as errStatusOK, @countCurrent as countCurrent, @countHistorical as countHistorical

VBA：

Dim cnn As ADODB.Connection
Dim cmd As New ADODB.Command, rs As New ADODB.Recordset, param As New ADODB.Parameter
Dim fld As ADODB.Field
Dim stMessage As String

Set cnn = New ADODB.Connection
cnn.ConnectionString = "DRIVER=SQL Server;SERVER=SERVER\SERVER;DATABASE=a_db;Trusted_Connection=Yes"

cnn.Open cnn.ConnectionString

Set cmd = New ADODB.Command
cmd.ActiveConnection = cnn
cmd.CommandType = adCmdStoredProc
cmd.CommandText = "stprMoveDataSet"

Set param = cmd.CreateParameter("@DataSetID", adInteger, adParamInput, , stDataSet)
cmd.Parameters.Append param
Set param = cmd.CreateParameter("@Destination", adChar, adParamInput, 1, stDestination)
cmd.Parameters.Append param

rs.CursorType = adOpenStatic
rs.CursorLocation = adUseClient
rs.LockType = adLockOptimistic
'rs.Open cmd
Set rs = cmd.Execute
If rs!errstatusok = True Then
    stMessage = "Operation appears to have been successful, check the DataSets Listing..." & Chr(13) & "Also, the Server returned the following information: ["
Else
    stMessage = "Operation appears to have failed, check the DataSets Listing..." & Chr(13) & "Also, the Server returned the following information: ["
End If
For Each fld In rs.Fields
    stMessage = stMessage & "| " & fld.Name & " / " & fld.Value & " |"
Next fld
stMessage = stMessage & "]"

MsgBox stMessage

这将返回错误： Operation appears to have failed, check the DataSets Listing... Also, the Server returned the following information: [| errStatusOK / False || countCurrent / 0 || countHistorical / 10 |]