为什么valgrind(helgrind)生成"可能的数据竞争",以防我的线程结构调用虚函数

Question

当我开始学习valgrind(helgrind)工具时,我遇到了一个我未能解决的问题.

简单地说,用虚拟函数创建一个用户定义的线程类,该函数将由线程的入口例程调用.如果是这种情况,helgrind将报告Possible-data-race.但是在简单地省略虚拟关键字之后,就不会报告这样的错误.怎么会这样发生？我的代码有什么问题吗？或者有解决方法吗？

以下是演示此类问题的简单线程应用程序,包括cpp,Makefile和helgrind报告的消息.

/* main.cpp */
#include <memory.h>
#include <pthread.h>

class thread_s {
public:
  pthread_t       th;
  thread_s(void);
  ~thread_s(void);
  virtual void* routine(); /* if omit virtual, no error would be generated */
  void stop(void);
};
static void* routine(void*);
int main(int, const char*[])
{
  thread_s s_v;
  pthread_create(&s_v.th, 0, routine, &s_v);
  return 0;
}
static void* routine(void* arg)
{
  thread_s *pV = reinterpret_cast<thread_s*>(arg);
  pV->routine();
  return 0;
}
void* thread_s::routine(void)
{
  return 0;
}
thread_s::thread_s(void)
{
  th = 0;
}
thread_s::~thread_s(void)
{
  stop();
}
void thread_s::stop(void)
{
  void *v = 0;
  pthread_join(th, &v);
}

=======================================

/* Makefile */
all: main test_helgrind

main: main.cpp
        g++ -o main main.cpp \
        -g -Wall -O0 \
        -lpthread

test_helgrind:
        valgrind \
                --tool=helgrind \
                ./main

clean:
        rm -f main

.PHONY: clean

=======================================

g++ -o main main.cpp \
        -g -Wall -O0 \
        -lpthread
valgrind \
                --tool=helgrind \
                ./main
==7477== Helgrind, a thread error detector
==7477== Copyright (C) 2007-2010, and GNU GPL'd, by OpenWorks LLP et al.
==7477== Using Valgrind-3.6.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==7477== Command: ./main
==7477==
==7477== Thread #1 is the program's root thread
==7477==
==7477== Thread #2 was created
==7477==    at 0x4259728: clone (clone.S:111)
==7477==    by 0x40484B5: pthread_create@@GLIBC_2.1 (createthread.c:256)
==7477==    by 0x4026E2D: pthread_create_WRK (hg_intercepts.c:257)
==7477==    by 0x4026F8B: pthread_create@* (hg_intercepts.c:288)
==7477==    by 0x8048560: main (main.cpp:18)
==7477==
==7477== Possible data race during write of size 4 at 0xbeab24c8 by thread #1
==7477==    at 0x80485C9: thread_s::~thread_s() (main.cpp:35)
==7477==    by 0x8048571: main (main.cpp:17)
==7477==  This conflicts with a previous read of size 4 by thread #2
==7477==    at 0x804858B: routine(void*) (main.cpp:24)
==7477==    by 0x4026F60: mythread_wrapper (hg_intercepts.c:221)
==7477==    by 0x4047E98: start_thread (pthread_create.c:304)
==7477==    by 0x425973D: clone (clone.S:130)
==7477==
==7477==
==7477== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==7477== Use --history-level=approx or =none to gain increased speed, at
==7477== the cost of reduced accuracy of conflicting-access information
==7477== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 1 from 1)

Answer 1

在一种情况下，vptr 被写入，在另一种情况下，vptr 被读取。两者都没有持有任何锁。Helgrind 无法知道程序中是否有其他方法使这种情况不可能同时在两个线程中发生，因此它会对其进行标记。如果您可以保证在另一个线程中有人尝试调用该对象的函数时该对象不会被破坏，那么您可以对此进行抑制。