当使用率低于MaxHeapFreeRatio时,为什么分配的堆内存不会缩小？

Question

我有一个java服务器任务,它占用内存.我怀疑它曾经超过MinHeapFreeRatio,但那是猜测.更有趣的是,GC将成熟生成减少到大约2%,但从不减少堆的分配内存.

Heap Configuration:
   MinHeapFreeRatio = 40
   MaxHeapFreeRatio = 70
   MaxHeapSize      = 3221225472 (3072.0MB)

   NewSize          = 268435456 (256.0MB)
   MaxNewSize       = 268435456 (256.0MB)
   OldSize          = 805306368 (768.0MB)
   NewRatio         = 7
   SurvivorRatio    = 8
   PermSize         = 21757952 (20.75MB)
   MaxPermSize      = 176160768 (168.0MB)

Heap Usage:
New Generation (Eden + 1 Survivor Space):
   capacity = 241631232 (230.4375MB)
   used     = 71657320 (68.3377456665039MB)
   free     = 169973912 (162.0997543334961MB)
   29.65565312351675% used
Eden Space:
   capacity = 214827008 (204.875MB)
   used     = 47322984 (45.130714416503906MB)
   free     = 167504024 (159.7442855834961MB)
   22.028414602320392% used
From Space:
   capacity = 26804224 (25.5625MB)
   used     = 24334336 (23.20703125MB)
   free     = 2469888 (2.35546875MB)
   90.78545232273838% used
To Space:
   capacity = 26804224 (25.5625MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 26804224 (25.5625MB)
   0.0% used
concurrent mark-sweep generation:
   capacity = 2952790016 (2816.0MB)
   used     = 66930392 (63.829795837402344MB)
   free     = 2885859624 (2752.1702041625977MB)
   2.2666830908168447% used
Perm Generation:
   capacity = 45752320 (43.6328125MB)
   used     = 27404664 (26.13512420654297MB)
   free     = 18347656 (17.49768829345703MB)
   59.89786747426142% used

Answer 1

显然有各种因素可能导致MaxHeapFreeRatio无法兑现:

• 最小堆大小(-Xms)会覆盖此(AFAIK).
• -XX:ParallelGC开关禁止堆缩小 - https://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?messageID=6438432
• 收缩只发生在完整的GC之后 - https://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?messageID=95578​​61