如何使用WinForms进度条？

Question

我想显示在外部库中执行的计算进度.

例如,如果我有一些计算方法,并且我想在我的Form类中使用它为100000个值,我可以写:

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }            

    private void Caluculate(int i)
    {
        double pow = Math.Pow(i, i);
    }

    private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        progressBar1.Maximum = 100000;
        progressBar1.Step = 1;

        for(int j = 0; j < 100000; j++)
        {
            Caluculate(j);
            progressBar1.PerformStep();
        }
    }
}

我应该在每次计算后执行步骤.但是,如果我在外部方法中执行所有100000计算,该怎么办？如果我不想让这个方法依赖于进度条,我什么时候应该"执行步骤"？例如,我可以写

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    private void CaluculateAll(System.Windows.Forms.ProgressBar progressBar)
    {
        progressBar.Maximum = 100000;
        progressBar.Step = 1;

        for(int j = 0; j < 100000; j++)
        {
            double pow = Math.Pow(j, j); //Calculation
            progressBar.PerformStep();
        }
    }

    private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        CaluculateAll(progressBar1);
    }
}

但我不想这样做.

Answer 1

我建议你看看BackgroundWorker.如果你的WinForm中有一个很大的循环,它会阻塞,你的应用程序看起来会被挂起.

查看BackgroundWorker.ReportProgress()如何将进度报告回UI线程.

例如:

private void Calculate(int i)
{
    double pow = Math.Pow(i, i);
}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    progressBar1.Maximum = 100;
    progressBar1.Step = 1;
    progressBar1.Value = 0;
    backgroundWorker.RunWorkerAsync();
}

private void backgroundWorker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
    var backgroundWorker = sender as BackgroundWorker;
    for (int j = 0; j < 100000; j++)
    {
        Calculate(j);
        backgroundWorker.ReportProgress((j * 100) / 100000);
    }
}

private void backgroundWorker_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
{
    progressBar1.Value = e.ProgressPercentage;
}

private void backgroundWorker_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
{
    // TODO: do something with final calculation.
}

Answer 2

从.NET 4.5开始,您可以结合使用async和await with Progress来向UI线程发送更新:

private void Calculate(int i)
{
    double pow = Math.Pow(i, i);
}

public void DoWork(IProgress<int> progress)
{
    // This method is executed in the context of
    // another thread (different than the main UI thread),
    // so use only thread-safe code
    for (int j = 0; j < 100000; j++)
    {
        Calculate(j);

        // Use progress to notify UI thread that progress has
        // changed
        if (progress != null)
            progress.Report((j + 1) * 100 / 100000);
    }
}

private async void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    progressBar1.Maximum = 100;
    progressBar1.Step = 1;

    var progress = new Progress<int>(v =>
    {
        // This lambda is executed in context of UI thread,
        // so it can safely update form controls
        progressBar1.Value = v;
    });

    // Run operation in another thread
    await Task.Run(() => DoWork(progress));

    // TODO: Do something after all calculations
}

任务目前是实现目标的首选方式BackgroundWorker.

任务并Progress在此处详细说明:

• 4.5中的异步:在异步API中启用进度和取消
• Stephen Cleary 报告异步任务的进展情况
• BackgroundWorker的任务并行库替换？