Linux上C代码的编译错误(OSX上的相同代码编译)

Question

我想在linux上编译一些我知道在OSX上编译的代码,但是我遇到了一些问题.

所有文件都有名为.h的头文件,所有文件都在同一目录下.我这样编译:

gcc *.c -std=c99 -lpthread

虽然这段代码在OSX上编译,但我在Ubuntu安装上遇到了一堆奇怪的链接器错误.我错过了一些编译器选项吗？它是一个默认的Ubuntu服务器安装,带有附加软件包gcc并build-essential已安装.

In file included from errorLogger.h:24:0,
                 from configParser.h:17,
                 from configParser.c:9:
signalHandling.h:24:18: error: unknown type name ‘sigset_t’
configParser.c: In function ‘parseConfigFile’:
configParser.c:114:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘getline’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
In file included from errorLogger.h:24:0,
                 from global.h:18,
                 from connection.h:19,
                 from connection.c:10:
signalHandling.h:24:18: error: unknown type name ‘sigset_t’
connection.c: In function ‘createConnectionQueue’:
connection.c:189:28: warning: assignment makes integer from pointer without a cast [enabled by default]
In file included from errorLogger.h:24:0,
                 from database.h:16,
                 from database.c:9:
signalHandling.h:24:18: error: unknown type name ‘sigset_t’
In file included from errorLogger.h:24:0,
                 from errorLogger.c:10:
signalHandling.h:24:18: error: unknown type name ‘sigset_t’
errorLogger.c: In function ‘reportError’:
errorLogger.c:63:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘strerror_r’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
errorLogger.c: In function ‘logMessage’:
errorLogger.c:87:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘localtime_r’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
errorLogger.c: In function ‘processErrorQueue’:
errorLogger.c:131:17: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘open’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
errorLogger.c:131:57: error: ‘O_APPEND’ undeclared (first use in this function)
errorLogger.c:131:57: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
errorLogger.c:131:68: error: ‘O_CREAT’ undeclared (first use in this function)
errorLogger.c:131:78: error: ‘O_WRONLY’ undeclared (first use in this function)
errorLogger.c:131:88: error: ‘S_IWRITE’ undeclared (first use in this function)
errorLogger.c:131:99: error: ‘S_IREAD’ undeclared (first use in this function)
errorLogger.c:146:13: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘fsync’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
errorLogger.c: In function ‘startErrorLogger’:
errorLogger.c:167:36: error: ‘O_APPEND’ undeclared (first use in this function)
errorLogger.c:167:47: error: ‘O_CREAT’ undeclared (first use in this function)
errorLogger.c:167:57: error: ‘O_WRONLY’ undeclared (first use in this function)
errorLogger.c:167:67: error: ‘S_IWRITE’ undeclared (first use in this function)
errorLogger.c:167:78: error: ‘S_IREAD’ undeclared (first use in this function)
errorLogger.c:214:57: error: ‘O_EXCL’ undeclared (first use in this function)
errorLogger.c:231:27: warning: assignment makes integer from pointer without a cast [enabled by default]
errorLogger.c: In function ‘closeErrorLogger’:
errorLogger.c:246:9: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘pthread_kill’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
In file included from errorLogger.h:24:0,
                 from global.h:18,
                 from global.c:9:
signalHandling.h:24:18: error: unknown type name ‘sigset_t’
In file included from main.c:23:0:
signalHandling.h:24:18: error: unknown type name ‘sigset_t’
main.c: In function ‘main’:
main.c:53:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘blockSignals’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
main.c:61:45: error: invalid application of ‘sizeof’ to incomplete type ‘struct addrinfo’ 
main.c:62:29: error: invalid application of ‘sizeof’ to incomplete type ‘struct addrinfo’ 
main.c:64:10: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
main.c:65:10: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
main.c:66:10: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
main.c:66:23: error: ‘AI_PASSIVE’ undeclared (first use in this function)
main.c:66:23: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
main.c:69:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘getaddrinfo’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
main.c:73:9: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘gai_strerror’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
main.c:73:9: warning: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 4 has type ‘int’ [-Wformat]
main.c:73:9: warning: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 4 has type ‘int’ [-Wformat]
main.c:81:41: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
main.c:83:30: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
main.c:83:46: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
main.c:83:64: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
main.c:96:30: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
main.c:96:44: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
main.c:112:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘freeaddrinfo’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
main.c:138:9: error: unknown type name ‘fd_set’
main.c:142:9: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘FD_ZERO’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
main.c:143:9: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘FD_SET’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
main.c:145:9: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘pselect’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
In file included from signalHandling.c:10:0:
signalHandling.h:24:18: error: unknown type name ‘sigset_t’
signalHandling.c:12:18: error: unknown type name ‘sigset_t’
signalHandling.c: In function ‘setHandler’:
signalHandling.c:51:53: error: invalid application of ‘sizeof’ to incomplete type ‘struct sigaction’ 
signalHandling.c:52:36: error: invalid application of ‘sizeof’ to incomplete type ‘struct sigaction’ 
signalHandling.c:54:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘sigemptyset’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
signalHandling.c:54:30: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
signalHandling.c:60:9: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘sigaddset’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
signalHandling.c:60:35: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
signalHandling.c:67:17: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
signalHandling.c:72:9: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘sigaction’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]

Answer 1

您可能遗漏了一些#include在OS X上隐式引入的内容,但在Linux上却没有.

从错误消息判断,您可能至少缺少包括:

• <signal.h>(为sigset_t和其他人)
• <fcntl.h>(用于O_*)
• <unistd.h> (对于一堆东西)
• <netdb.h> (用于各种网络功能和常量)
• <stdio.h>(用于getline)

您可能还需要定义一些特征宏(例如_POSIX_C_SOURCE),以获得某些依赖于系统的函数,包括strerror_r和pselect.

Answer 2

我假设当前的目标是让代码完全编译,并且一旦完成,你将返回并修改源代码,以便在两个平台上开箱即用.这意味着短时间内可以接受黑客攻击; 当您了解可移植性问题时,它们将得到妥善修复.(如果有任何安慰,那么最初开发软件的第一个替代系统通常是最难的;之后,它通常会变得更容易.)

首先要尝试的是:

gcc *.c -std=gnu99 -lpthread

这告诉系统头文件定义的符号多于-std=c99.(在这个主题上有一些不同意见,这是可以的.至少,如果你添加-pedantic一个-std=c99编译,那么除非你也请求POSIX支持,否则POSIX定义的标准C头中的符号不​​会暴露 - 见下文.有-pedantic可能,这可能不是汇编中的一个因素,在这种情况下,悄悄地转向下一个建议,这是未来POSIX系统可移植性的基础.)

如果这不足以让你回到正轨,那么你可能需要使用类似的东西:

gcc *.c -std=gnu99 -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=700 -lpthread

这说"向我提供与POSIX 2008相对应的POSIX和X/Open功能".对于旧版本,您可以尝试600和500,但您可能不需要在Linux上执行此操作.在适当的时候,您可能_XOPEN_SOURCE会通过配置标头或配置工具自动设置.在你完成编译的过程中,在命令行中指定它是可以的.在适当的时候,您将使用一个makefile或等价物来控制编译,而不是gcc在shell上键入命令行.)

它在POSIX下sigset_t定义<signal.h>.因此,明确请求POSIX支持应该让事情再次正确编译.如果您仍然获得sigset_t未声明的类型,那么Mac OS X上必须有一个包含标准标题的标题,例如<signal.h>但它在Linux上执行一些不相关的任务(因此不包括在内<signal.h>).这将需要源代码审查.但是,它不太可能是必要的.