部署到Heroku时"无法通过Bundler安装gem"

Question

背景:我正在阅读Michael Hartl撰写的"Ruby on Rails 3 Tutorial"一书.我已经到了设置heroku的地步.该文本指示我使用sqlite3,但似乎heroku不再允许sqlite3后端.所以,我正在尝试使用postgres.

我正在使用Mac,OS 10.6.8.

问题:我试着做

$ git push heroku master

然后我明白了

Counting objects: 69, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (55/55), done.
Writing objects: 100% (69/69), 26.69 KiB, done.
Total 69 (delta 5), reused 0 (delta 0)

-----> Heroku receiving push
-----> Ruby/Rails app detected
-----> Installing dependencies using Bundler version 1.2.0.rc.2
       Running: bundle install --without development:test --path vendor/bundle --    binstubs bin/ --deployment
       You are trying to install in deployment mode after changing
       your Gemfile. Run `bundle install` elsewhere and add the
       updated Gemfile.lock to version control.
       You have added to the Gemfile:
       * pg
       You have deleted from the Gemfile:
       * sqlite3
 !
 !     Failed to install gems via Bundler.
 !
 !     Heroku push rejected, failed to compile Ruby/rails app

关于"在其他地方运行'捆绑安装" - 在这种情况下其他地方意味着什么？在另一个目录？我试过了,但没有用.此外,没有要添加的Gemfile.lock文件.总结:我很困惑.

======

回应hgmnz:

$ bundle install
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
Enter your password to install the bundled RubyGems to your system: 
( --- edited out ---)
Installing pg (0.14.0) with native extensions 
Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb 
checking for pg_config... yes
Using config values from /sw/bin/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... yes
checking for libpq/libpq-fs.h... yes
checking for pg_config_manual.h... yes
checking for PQconnectdb() in -lpq... no
checking for PQconnectdb() in -llibpq... no
checking for PQconnectdb() in -lms/libpq... no
Can't find the PostgreSQL client library (libpq)
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
( -- edited out --- )


Gem files will remain installed in /Users/adamshaw/.bundler/tmp/14373/gems/pg-0.14.0 for   inspection.
Results logged to /Users/adamshaw/.bundler/tmp/14373/gems/pg-0.14.0/ext/gem_make.out
An error occured while installing pg (0.14.0), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install pg -v '0.14.0'` succeeds before bundling.

然后

$ sudo gem install pg -v '0.14.0'

然后

Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing pg:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... yes
Using config values from /sw/bin/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... yes
checking for libpq/libpq-fs.h... yes
checking for pg_config_manual.h... yes
checking for PQconnectdb() in -lpq... no
checking for PQconnectdb() in -llibpq... no
checking for PQconnectdb() in -lms/libpq... no
Can't find the PostgreSQL client library (libpq)
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
( --- edited out --- )

Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/pg-0.14.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/pg-0.14.0/ext/gem_make.out

Answer 1

嗯,这似乎表明你已修改你Gemfile的包含pg宝石,但没有运行bundle install(在你的开发机器上)锁定那些宝石.运行bundle install将解析所有gem依赖项并生成新的Gemfile.lock.那是你应该检查git然后尝试部署的文件.

在开发计算机上运行以下命令:

bundle install
git add Gemfile.lock
git commit -m "Locking gems"
git push heroku # assumes default remote named heroku