Shell脚本:是否可以将getopts与位置参数混合？

Question

我想设计一个shell脚本作为几个脚本的包装器.我想指定myshell.sh使用getopts的参数,并以相同的顺序将其余参数传递给指定的脚本.

如果myshell.sh执行如下:

myshell.sh -h hostname -s test.sh -d waittime param1 param2 param3

myshell.sh param1 param2 -h hostname param3 -d waittime -s test.sh

myshell.sh param1 -h hostname -d waittime -s test.sh param2 param3

所有上述内容都应该可以作为

test.sh param1 param2 param3

是否可以利用选项参数 myshell.sh 并将剩余参数发布到底层脚本？

Answer 1

很抱歉评论了一个旧帖子,但我想我会发帖给那些正在搜索如何做到这一点的人...

我想做一些类似OP的事情,我找到了我在这里和这里需要的相关信息

基本上如果你想做的事情如下:

script.sh [options] ARG1 ARG2

然后得到这样的选项:

while getopts "h:u:p:d:" flag; do
case "$flag" in
    h) HOSTNAME=$OPTARG;;
    u) USERNAME=$OPTARG;;
    p) PASSWORD=$OPTARG;;
    d) DATABASE=$OPTARG;;
esac
done

然后你可以得到这样的位置参数:

ARG1=${@:$OPTIND:1}
ARG2=${@:$OPTIND+1:1}

更多信息和详细信息可通过上面的链接获得.

希望有所帮助!!

Answer 2

myshell.sh:

#!/bin/bash

script_args=()
while [ $OPTIND -le "$#" ]
do
    if getopts h:d:s: option
    then
        case $option
        in
            h) host_name="$OPTARG";;
            d) wait_time="$OPTARG";;
            s) script="$OPTARG";;
        esac
    else
        script_args+=("${!OPTIND}")
        ((OPTIND++))
    fi
done

"$script" "${script_args[@]}"

测试.sh：

#!/bin/bash
echo "$0 $@"

测试 OP 的案例：

$ PATH+=:.  # Use the cases as written without prepending ./ to the scripts
$ myshell.sh -h hostname -s test.sh -d waittime param1 param2 param3
./test.sh param1 param2 param3
$ myshell.sh param1 param2 -h hostname param3 -d waittime -s test.sh
./test.sh param1 param2 param3
$ myshell.sh param1 -h hostname -d waittime -s test.sh param2 param3
./test.sh param1 param2 param3

这是怎么回事：

getopts如果遇到位置参数将失败。如果将其用作循环条件，则只要位置参数出现在选项之前，循环就会过早中断，就像在两个测试用例中一样。

因此，只有在处理完所有参数后，此循环才会中断。如果getopts不识别某些东西，我们就假设它是一个位置参数，并在手动递增getopts计数器的同时将其填充到数组中。

可能的改进：

As written, the child script can't accept options (only positional parameters), since getopts in the wrapper script will eat those and print an error message, while treating any argument like a positional parameter:

$ myshell.sh param1 param2 -h hostname -d waittime -s test.sh -a opt1 param3
./myshell.sh: illegal option -- a
./test.sh param1 param2 opt1 param3

If we know the child script can only accept positional parameters, then myshell.sh should probably halt on an unrecognized option. That could be as simple as adding a default last case at the end of the case block:

            \?) exit 1;;

$ myshell.sh param1 param2 -h hostname -d waittime -s test.sh -a opt1 param3
./myshell.sh: illegal option -- a

If the child script needs to accept options (as long as they don't collide with the options in myshell.sh), we could switch getopts to silent error reporting by prepending a colon to the option string:

    if getopts :h:d:s: option

Then we'd use the default last case to stuff any unrecognized option into script_args:

            \?) script_args+=("-$OPTARG");;

$ myshell.sh param1 param2 -h hostname -d waittime -s test.sh -a opt1 param3
./test.sh param1 param2 -a opt1 param3

Answer 3

混合opts和args:

ARGS=""
echo "options :"
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
    unset OPTIND
    unset OPTARG
    while getopts as:c:  options
    do
    case $options in
            a)  echo "option a  no optarg"
                    ;;
            s)  serveur="$OPTARG"
                    echo "option s = $serveur"
                    ;;
            c)  cible="$OPTARG"
                    echo "option c = $cible"
                    ;;
        esac
   done
   shift $((OPTIND-1))
   ARGS="${ARGS} $1 "
   shift
done

echo "ARGS : $ARGS"
exit 1

结果:

bash test.sh  -a  arg1 arg2 -s serveur -c cible  arg3
options :
option a  no optarg
option s = serveur
option c = cible
ARGS :  arg1  arg2  arg3