如何从基类获取派生类名

Question

我有一个基类Person和派生类Manager和Employee.现在,我想知道的是创建的对象是Manager或者Employee.

该人的具体如下:

from Project.CMFCore.utils import getToolByName
schema = getattr(Person, 'schema', Schema(())).copy() + Schema((TextField('FirstName', required = True, widget = StringWidget(label='First Name', i18n_domain='project')), TextField('Last Name', required = True, widget = StringWidget(label='Last Name', i18n_domain='i5', label_msgid='label_pub_city'))
class Manager(BaseContent):
  def get_name(self):
    catalog = getToolByName(self, "portal_catalog")
      people = catalog(portal_type='Person')
      person={}
      for object in people:
        fname = object.firstName
        lname = object.lastName
        person['name'] = fname+' '+ lname
        # if the derived class is Employee then i would like go to the method title of employee and if its a Manager then go to the title method of Manager
        person['post'] = Employee/Manager.title()
      return person

对于经理和员工而言,他们就像(员工也很相似,但有些不同的方法)

from Project.Person import Person
class Manager(Person):
    def title(self):
      return "Manager"

对于员工,标题是"员工".当我创建Person它时,它Manager或者是Employee.当我得到person对象时,该类是Person,但我想知道它是来自派生类'Manager'还是'Employee'.

Answer 1

我不知道这是不是你想要的,以及你希望它实现的方式,但这是一个尝试:

>>> class Person(object):
    def _type(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__


>>> p = Person()
>>> p._type()
'Person'
>>> class Manager(Person):
    pass

>>> m = Manager()
>>> m._type()
'Manager'
>>> 

优点:该_type方法只有一个定义.

Answer 2

Python对象提供了一个__class__属性,用于存储用于生成该对象的类型.这又提供了一个__name__属性,可用于将类型的名称作为字符串获取.所以,在简单的情况下:

class A(object):
    pass
class B(A):
    pass

b = B()
print b.__class__.__name__

会给:

'B'

所以,如果我正确地按照你的问题你会做:

m = Manager()
print m.__class__.__name__
'Manager'

Answer 3

你会找这样的东西吗？

>>> class Employee:
...     pass
... 
>>> class Manager(Employee):
...     pass
... 
>>> e = Employee()
>>> m = Manager()
>>> print e.__class__.__name__
Employee
>>> print m.__class__.__name__
Manager
>>> e.__class__.__name__ == 'Manager'
False
>>> e.__class__.__name__ == 'Employee'
True

Answer 4

不完全确定我理解你在问什么,但你可以x.__class__.__name__用来检索类名作为字符串,例如

class Person:
    pass

class Manager(Person):
    pass

class Employee(Person):
    pass

def get_class_name(instance):
    return instance.__class__.__name__

>>> m = Manager()
>>> print get_class_name(m)
Manager
>>> print get_class_name(Employee())
Employee

或者,您可以使用isinstance检查不同类型:

>>> print isinstance(m, Person)
True
>>> print isinstance(m, Manager)
True
>>> print isinstance(m, Employee)
False

所以你可以这样做:

def handle_person(person):
    if isinstance(person, Manager):
        person.read_paper()     # method of Manager class only
    elif isinstance(person, Employee):
        person.work_hard()      # method of Employee class only
    elif isinstance(person, Person):
        person.blah()           # method of the base class
    else:
        print "Not a person"