asu*_*hak 35 c sockets networking http http-headers
我想编写一个C程序来生成Get Request而不使用任何外部库.这可能只使用C库,使用套接字吗?我正在考虑制作一个http数据包(使用正确的格式)并将其发送到服务器.这是唯一可行的方式还是有更好的方法?
Vik*_*pov 29
使用BSD套接字,或者如果你有点限制,说你有一些RTOS,一些更简单的TCP堆栈,比如lwIP,你可以形成GET/POST请求.
有许多开源实现.请参阅"happyhttp"作为示例(http://scumways.com/happyhttp/happyhttp.html).我知道,它是C++,而不是C,但唯一的是"C++依赖",它有一个字符串/数组管理,所以它很容易移植到纯C.
请注意,没有"数据包",因为HTTP通常通过TCP连接进行传输,因此从技术上讲,只有RFC格式的符号流.由于http请求通常以connect-send-disconnect方式完成,因此实际上可能将其称为"数据包".
基本上,一旦你有一个打开的套接字(sockfd),你需要做的就是"全部"
char sendline[MAXLINE + 1], recvline[MAXLINE + 1];
char* ptr;
size_t n;
/// Form request
snprintf(sendline, MAXSUB,
"GET %s HTTP/1.0\r\n" // POST or GET, both tested and works. Both HTTP 1.0 HTTP 1.1 works, but sometimes
"Host: %s\r\n" // but sometimes HTTP 1.0 works better in localhost type
"Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n"
"Content-length: %d\r\n\r\n"
"%s\r\n", page, host, (unsigned int)strlen(poststr), poststr);
/// Write the request
if (write(sockfd, sendline, strlen(sendline))>= 0)
{
/// Read the response
while ((n = read(sockfd, recvline, MAXLINE)) > 0)
{
recvline[n] = '\0';
if(fputs(recvline, stdout) == EOF)
{
printf("fputs() error\n");
}
/// Remove the trailing chars
ptr = strstr(recvline, "\r\n\r\n");
// check len for OutResponse here ?
snprintf(OutResponse, MAXRESPONSE,"%s", ptr);
}
}
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Cir*_*四事件 14
POSIX 7最小可运行的例子
我们来取http://example.com.
wget.c
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <netdb.h> /* getprotobyname */
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
char buffer[BUFSIZ];
enum CONSTEXPR { MAX_REQUEST_LEN = 1024};
char request[MAX_REQUEST_LEN];
char request_template[] = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: %s\r\n\r\n";
struct protoent *protoent;
char *hostname = "example.com";
in_addr_t in_addr;
int request_len;
int socket_file_descriptor;
ssize_t nbytes_total, nbytes_last;
struct hostent *hostent;
struct sockaddr_in sockaddr_in;
unsigned short server_port = 80;
if (argc > 1)
hostname = argv[1];
if (argc > 2)
server_port = strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 10);
request_len = snprintf(request, MAX_REQUEST_LEN, request_template, hostname);
if (request_len >= MAX_REQUEST_LEN) {
fprintf(stderr, "request length large: %d\n", request_len);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* Build the socket. */
protoent = getprotobyname("tcp");
if (protoent == NULL) {
perror("getprotobyname");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
socket_file_descriptor = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, protoent->p_proto);
if (socket_file_descriptor == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* Build the address. */
hostent = gethostbyname(hostname);
if (hostent == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "error: gethostbyname(\"%s\")\n", hostname);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
in_addr = inet_addr(inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr*)*(hostent->h_addr_list)));
if (in_addr == (in_addr_t)-1) {
fprintf(stderr, "error: inet_addr(\"%s\")\n", *(hostent->h_addr_list));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
sockaddr_in.sin_addr.s_addr = in_addr;
sockaddr_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
sockaddr_in.sin_port = htons(server_port);
/* Actually connect. */
if (connect(socket_file_descriptor, (struct sockaddr*)&sockaddr_in, sizeof(sockaddr_in)) == -1) {
perror("connect");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* Send HTTP request. */
nbytes_total = 0;
while (nbytes_total < request_len) {
nbytes_last = write(socket_file_descriptor, request + nbytes_total, request_len - nbytes_total);
if (nbytes_last == -1) {
perror("write");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
nbytes_total += nbytes_last;
}
/* Read the response. */
fprintf(stderr, "debug: before first read\n");
while ((nbytes_total = read(socket_file_descriptor, buffer, BUFSIZ)) > 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "debug: after a read\n");
write(STDOUT_FILENO, buffer, nbytes_total);
}
fprintf(stderr, "debug: after last read\n");
if (nbytes_total == -1) {
perror("read");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
close(socket_file_descriptor);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
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编译:
gcc -ggdb3 -std=c99 -Wall -Wextra -o wget wget.c
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获取http://example.com并输出到stdout:
./wget example.com
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对于大多数服务器,此命令会挂起,直到超时,这是预期的:
Content-Length
没有发送,服务器可以关闭以确定长度.连接部分也适用于IP:
char request_template[] = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: %s\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n";
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得到:
host example.com
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所以我们这样做:
example.com has address 93.184.216.34
example.com has IPv6 address 2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946
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但是,回复是一个错误,因为我们没有Connection: close在我们的程序中正确设置,这在HTTP 1.1中是必需的.
在Ubuntu 18.04上测试过.
服务器示例
可以在以下位置找到最小的POSIX服务器示例:使用C/C++(GCC/G ++)在Linux中使用套接字编程发送和接收文件
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