在emacs中搜索并替换矩形内部

Question

是否可以replace-string在emacs中的矩形区域内执行操作？如果是这样,怎么样？

Answer 1

如果启用CUA选择模式:

M-x cua-selection-mode RET

或永久在您的init文件中:

(cua-selection-mode 1)

然后,您可以使用其高级矩形编辑工具.

(或者,如果您是cua-mode用户,那么您不需要这样做.)

• C-RET 标记一个角落.
• 将点移动到对角.
• M-r在标记的矩形内进行正则表达式替换.
• C-RET 取消标记/退出矩形编辑.

有关文档,请在评论中查找"CUA矩形支持"标题 M-x find-library RET cua-base RET

如果由于某种原因你不想使用cua矩形工具(也许你真的需要replace-string特别需要),那么使用自定义函数apply-on-rectangle非常简单.

编辑:实际上,比我预期的稍微复杂,但大多数代码是交互式规范和对'分隔'前缀参数行为的支持(两者都基于replace-string).

编辑2:我认为这是值得做的更全面的方式:

以下提供C-xrM-%和C-xrC-M-%(希望)以您期望的方式行事.

(require 'rect)

(defun my-search-replace-in-rectangle
  (start end search-pattern replacement search-function literal)
  "Replace all instances of SEARCH-PATTERN (as found by SEARCH-FUNCTION)
with REPLACEMENT, in each line of the rectangle established by the START
and END buffer positions.

SEARCH-FUNCTION should take the same BOUND and NOERROR arguments as
`search-forward' and `re-search-forward'.

The LITERAL argument is passed to `replace-match' during replacement.

If `case-replace' is nil, do not alter case of replacement text."
  (apply-on-rectangle
   (lambda (start-col end-col search-function search-pattern replacement)
     (move-to-column start-col)
     (let ((bound (min (+ (point) (- end-col start-col))
                       (line-end-position)))
           (fixedcase (not case-replace)))
       (while (funcall search-function search-pattern bound t)
         (replace-match replacement fixedcase literal))))
   start end search-function search-pattern replacement))

(defun my-replace-regexp-rectangle-read-args (regexp-flag)
  "Interactively read arguments for `my-replace-regexp-rectangle'
or `my-replace-string-rectangle' (depending upon REGEXP-FLAG)."
  (let ((args (query-replace-read-args
               (concat "Replace"
                       (if current-prefix-arg " word" "")
                       (if regexp-flag " regexp" " string"))
               regexp-flag)))
    (list (region-beginning) (region-end)
          (nth 0 args) (nth 1 args) (nth 2 args))))

(defun my-replace-regexp-rectangle
  (start end regexp to-string &optional delimited)
  "Perform a regexp search and replace on each line of a rectangle
established by START and END (interactively, the marked region),
similar to `replace-regexp'.

Optional arg DELIMITED (prefix arg if interactive), if non-nil, means
replace only matches surrounded by word boundaries.

If `case-replace' is nil, do not alter case of replacement text."
  (interactive (my-replace-regexp-rectangle-read-args t))
  (when delimited
    (setq regexp (concat "\\b" regexp "\\b")))
  (my-search-replace-in-rectangle
   start end regexp to-string 're-search-forward nil))

(defun my-replace-string-rectangle
  (start end from-string to-string &optional delimited)
  "Perform a string search and replace on each line of a rectangle
established by START and END (interactively, the marked region),
similar to `replace-string'.

Optional arg DELIMITED (prefix arg if interactive), if non-nil, means
replace only matches surrounded by word boundaries.

If `case-replace' is nil, do not alter case of replacement text."
  (interactive (my-replace-regexp-rectangle-read-args nil))
  (let ((search-function 'search-forward))
    (when delimited
      (setq search-function 're-search-forward
            from-string (concat "\\b" (regexp-quote from-string) "\\b")))
    (my-search-replace-in-rectangle
     start end from-string to-string search-function t)))

(global-set-key (kbd "C-x r M-%") 'my-replace-string-rectangle)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x r C-M-%") 'my-replace-regexp-rectangle)

Answer 2

在最近的Emacs(例如Emacs 25)中,您可以使用M-%(query-replace)或C-M-%(query-replace-regexp)开箱即用.

使用M-x rectangle-mark-mode以创建一个矩形区域.C-x C-x必要时使用,在标记前加点.然后只是查询替换.

然而,他们没有在Emacs 25中做出同样的改变replace-string.如果你愿意,你可以这样做,只需添加参数region-noncontiguous-p就像完成它一样query-replace.代码很简单:

(defun replace-string (from-string to-string &optional delimited start end backward
                       region-noncontiguous-p)
  "..."
  (declare (interactive-only
            "use `search-forward' and `replace-match' instead."))
  (interactive
   (let ((common
          (query-replace-read-args
           (concat "Replace"
                   (if current-prefix-arg
                       (if (eq current-prefix-arg '-) " backward" " word")
                     "")
                   " string"
                   (if (use-region-p) " in region" ""))
           nil)))
     (list (nth 0 common) (nth 1 common) (nth 2 common)
           (if (use-region-p) (region-beginning))
           (if (use-region-p) (region-end))
           (nth 3 common)
           (if (use-region-p) (region-noncontiguous-p)))))
  (perform-replace
    from-string to-string nil nil delimited nil nil start end backward region-noncontiguous-p))

或者,您可以下载库replace+.el并使用其中的版本replace-string.它做你想要的.

FWIW,我刚刚提交了Emacs 错误#27897,以便replace-string在同一个库中添加此功能以及其他几个命令replace.el.