空嵌套元组错误

Question

#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
int main(){

auto bt=std::make_tuple(std::tuple<>(),std::tuple<std::tuple<>>()); //Line 1
auto bt2=std::make_tuple(std::tuple<>(),std::tuple<>());             //Line 2
}

为什么第1行给出编译错误而第2行编译正常？(在Gcc和Clang中测试过)

有可能的解决方法吗？

clang的错误消息

/usr/include/c++/4.6/tuple:150:50: error: ambiguous conversion from derived class 'std::_Tuple_impl<0, std::tuple<>,
      std::tuple<std::tuple<> > >' to base class 'std::_Head_base<0, std::tuple<>, true>':
    struct std::_Tuple_impl<0, class std::tuple<>, class std::tuple<class std::tuple<> > > -> _Tuple_impl<0UL + 1, class std::tuple<class std::tuple<> > > -> _Head_base<1UL, class std::tuple<class std::tuple<> >, std::is_empty<class tuple<class tuple<> > >::value> -> class std::tuple<class std::tuple<> > -> _Tuple_impl<0, class std::tuple<> > -> _Head_base<0UL, class std::tuple<>, std::is_empty<class tuple<> >::value>
    struct std::_Tuple_impl<0, class std::tuple<>, class std::tuple<class std::tuple<> > > -> _Head_base<0UL, class std::tuple<>, std::is_empty<class tuple<> >::value>
      _Head&            _M_head()       { return _Base::_M_head(); }
                                                 ^~~~~
/usr/include/c++/4.6/tuple:173:33: note: in instantiation of member function 'std::_Tuple_impl<0, std::tuple<>,
      std::tuple<std::tuple<> > >::_M_head' requested here
        _Base(std::forward<_Head>(__in._M_head())) { }
                                       ^
/usr/include/c++/4.6/tuple:334:9: note: in instantiation of member function 'std::_Tuple_impl<0, std::tuple<>,
      std::tuple<std::tuple<> > >::_Tuple_impl' requested here
      : _Inherited(static_cast<_Inherited&&>(__in)) { }
        ^
gcc_bug.cpp:5:10: note: in instantiation of member function
      'std::tuple<std::tuple<>, std::tuple<std::tuple<> > >::tuple' requested here
        auto bt=std::make_tuple(std::tuple<>(),std::tuple<std::tuple<>>());
                ^
1 error generated.

Answer 1

看起来你在libstdc ++中发现了一个错误!(此代码与libc ++一起使用).减少测试用例:

#include <tuple>

int main(){
    auto b = std::tuple<std::tuple<std::tuple<>>>{};
}

问题是由于如何std::tuple在libstdc ++中实现.元组实现使用具有多重继承的"递归".你可以认为tuple<X, Y, Z>是继承自X和tuple<Y, Z>.这意味着tuple<tuple<>>将来自继承tuple<>和tuple<>,这将导致不明确的基误差.当然真正的问题不是这样,因为tuple<tuple<>>不会产生任何错误.

导致错误的真正实现是这样的:

template<size_t _Idx, typename _Head>
struct _Head_base : public _Head
{};

template<size_t _Idx, typename... _Elements>
struct _Tuple_impl;

template<size_t _Idx>
struct _Tuple_impl<_Idx> {};

template<size_t _Idx, typename _Head, typename... _Tail>
struct _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _Head, _Tail...>
    : public _Tuple_impl<_Idx + 1, _Tail...>,
      private _Head_base<_Idx, _Head>
{
    typedef _Tuple_impl<_Idx + 1, _Tail...> _Inherited;
    constexpr _Tuple_impl() = default;
    constexpr _Tuple_impl(_Tuple_impl&& __in) : _Inherited(std::move(__in)) {}
};

template<typename... _Elements>
struct tuple : public _Tuple_impl<0, _Elements...> {};

当我们实例化时tuple<tuple<tuple<>>>,我们得到了这个继承层次结构: