如何在保持宽高比和可伸缩性的同时将SVG Sprite Sheet用作CSS背景图像

Question

TL; DR:我想在SVG精灵表中使用几个图标作为CSS背景图像,它们保持纵横比并自动缩放以填充父元素,只使用SVG和CSS.请不要使用JavaScript.

---

所以我有一个SVG格式的spritesheet,我使用SVG-Edit和Notepad ++中的一些手动编码组合.这是源代码:

<svg version="1.1"
  xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
  width="600"
  height="400"
  viewBox="0 0 600 400">
  <!-- Created with SVG-edit - http://svg-edit.googlecode.com/ -->
  <title>chosen_sprite</title>
  <g>
    <title>Add</title>
    <rect fill="none" stroke-width="10" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="null" x="5" y="5" width="90" height="90" id="svg_1" stroke="#dcdcdc"/>
    <line id="svg_2" y2="50" x2="70" y1="50" x1="30" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#00a00c" fill="none"/>
    <line id="svg_3" y2="30" x2="50" y1="70" x1="50" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#00a00c" fill="none"/>
  </g>
  <g>
    <title>Delete</title>
    <rect fill="none" stroke-width="10" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="null" x="105" y="5" width="90" height="90" id="svg_1" stroke="#dcdcdc"/>
    <line id="svg_2" y2="70" x2="170" y1="30" x1="130" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#ff0000" fill="none"/>
    <line id="svg_3" y2="30" x2="170" y1="70" x1="130" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#ff0000" fill="none"/>
  </g>
  <g>
    <title>Expand Dark</title>
    <rect stroke="#505050" id="svg_1" height="90" width="90" y="5" x="205" stroke-linecap="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="10" fill="none"/>
    <line fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="12" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="round" x1="250" y1="65" x2="280" y2="35" id="svg_2"/>
    <line fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="12" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="round" x1="220" y1="35" x2="250" y2="65" id="svg_3"/>
  </g>
  <g>
    <title>Collapse Dark</title>
    <rect stroke="#505050" height="90" width="90" y="5" x="305" stroke-linecap="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="10" fill="none" id="svg_4"/>
    <line fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="12" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="round" x1="350" y1="35" x2="380" y2="65" id="svg_5"/>
    <line fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="12" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="round" x1="320" y1="65" x2="350" y2="35" id="svg_6"/>
  </g>
  <g>
    <title>Expand Green</title>
    <rect fill="none" stroke-width="10" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="null" x="405" y="5" width="90" height="90" id="svg_1" stroke="#dcdcdc"/>
    <line id="svg_2" y2="35" x2="480" y1="65" x1="450" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#00a00c" fill="none"/>
    <line id="svg_3" y2="65" x2="450" y1="35" x1="420" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#00a00c" fill="none"/>
  </g>
  <g>
    <title>Collapse Green</title>
    <rect fill="none" stroke-width="10" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-linecap="null" x="505" y="5" width="90" height="90" id="svg_1" stroke="#dcdcdc"/>
    <line id="svg_2" y2="65" x2="580" y1="35" x1="550" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#00a00c" fill="none"/>
    <line id="svg_3" y2="35" x2="550" y1="65" x1="520" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#00a00c" fill="none"/>
  </g>
  <g>
    <title>Search</title>
    <circle id="svg_9" r="32" cy="140" cx="60" stroke-width="8" stroke="#000000" fill="none"/>
    <line id="svg_11" y2="167.5" x2="32.5" y1="190" x1="10" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#000000" fill="none"/>
  </g>
  <g>
    <title>Search 2</title>
    <rect id="svg_10" stroke="#505050" height="90" width="90" y="105" x="105" stroke-linecap="null" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="10" fill="none"/>
    <circle r="25" cy="142.5" cx="157.5" stroke-width="8" stroke="#000000" fill="none" id="svg_7"/>
    <line y2="165" x2="135" y1="180" x1="120" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="null" stroke-dasharray="null" stroke-width="12" stroke="#000000" fill="none" id="svg_8"/>
  </g>
</svg>

它工作正常,看起来像我想要的方式.

问题是CSS.定义spritesheet中的单元格比我想要的更麻烦.这是我正在显示这些图标的页面:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<html>
<head>
<style>

* {padding: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}

html {width: 100%; height: 100%;}

body {width: 100%; height: 100%;}

.svgSprite {
    background-image: url('./svgicons/form_icons_sprite.svg');
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-size: 600%;
}

.svgSprite.add {
    background-position: 0px 0px;
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
}

.svgSprite.delete {
    background-position: -16px 0px;
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
}

.svgSprite.expandDark {
    background-position: -24px 0px;
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
}

.svgSprite.collapseDark {
    background-position: -36px 0px;
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
}

.svgSprite.expandGreen {
    background-position: -48px 0px;
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
}

.svgSprite.collapseGreen {
    background-position: -60px 0px;
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
}

.svgSprite.search {
    background-position: 0px -12px;
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
}

.svgSprite.search2 {
    background-position: -16px -16px;
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
}

</style>
</head>

<body>
<div class="svgSprite add"></div>
<div class="svgSprite delete"></div>
<div class="svgSprite expandDark"></div>
<div class="svgSprite collapseDark"></div>
<div class="svgSprite expandGreen"></div>
<div class="svgSprite collapseGreen"></div>
<div class="svgSprite search"></div>
<div class="svgSprite search2"></div>
</body>

</html>

基本上,我想知道是否有更简单的方法来定义spritesheet中的单元格并简化我用来告诉每个div从spritesheet中显示哪个图标的CSS.

我希望这个解决方案严格来说是SVG和CSS; 我对使用JavaScript库不感兴趣.我的目标是让我能够简单地定义单元格并拥有特定的图标,我的目标是自动缩放以适应其容器,同时保持其纵横比.目前,为了使图标适合其父容器,需要明确定义其宽度和高度,并匹配父容器的宽度和高度.如果我更改父容器的宽度和高度,我还需要更改背景位置大小.

然后,存在缩放问题.通过此设置,SVG可以缩放到适当的大小以在屏幕上绘制,但如果我决定使用浏览器的缩放进行缩放,则会像素化一样.这不是SVG应该如何工作的.

我想我可以将每个图标放在自己的文件中,因为这看起来效果很好,但我真的很喜欢使用精灵; 它不仅为我节省了几个服务器请求,而且很酷.

我知道SVG Icon Loader.这很酷,但它是一个我宁愿不依赖的JavaScript文件.

我已经阅读了w3 SVG文档,MDN SVG文档以及SO上的以下主题:

SVG和Spritesheets

使<svg>适合<object>容器的大小

使用SVG作为背景图像

......但即便如此,我还没有找到解决办法.

编辑:我忘了提,这需要在IE9中工作.这是一个问题,我敢肯定,但IE9的SVG支持是不错的,这就是为什么我为这个项目选择了SVG.

Answer 1

如果您的图标大小相同,则可以执行以下操作:

1. 将图标水平打包到sprite中(如果图标位于单独的文件中,则使用svg-sprite).
2. background-size: auto 100%;为目标选择器设置.
3. 设定目标元素width,height或font-size用于大规模.

.icon {
    background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="64" height="16" viewBox="0 0 64 16"> <circle fill="blue" cx="8" cy="8" r="8"/> <circle fill="red" cx="24" cy="8" r="8"/> <circle fill="yellow" cx="40" cy="8" r="8"/> <circle fill="green" cx="56" cy="8" r="8"/> </svg>');
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-size: auto 100%;
    display: inline-block;
}
.icon.small {
    height: 1em;
    width: 1em;
}
.icon.medium {
    height: 2em;
    width: 2em;
}
.icon.large {
    height: 4em;
    width: 4em;
}
.icon_1 {
    background-position: 0 0;
}
.icon_2 {
    background-position: 33.33% 0;
}
.icon_3 {
    background-position: 66.67% 0;
}
.icon_4 {
    background-position: 100% 0;
}

<span class="icon icon_1 small"></span>
<span class="icon icon_1 medium"></span>
<span class="icon icon_2 large"></span>

Answer 2

基本上，我想知道是否有一种更简单的方法来定义 spritesheet 中的单元格并简化我用来告诉每个 div 从 spritesheet 中显示哪个图标的 CSS。

不，你不能做得更容易。

试试这篇文章

然后，还有扩展问题。通过此设置，SVG 会缩放到要在屏幕上绘制的适当大小，但如果我决定使用浏览器的缩放功能进行缩放，它就会像素化。这不是 SVG 应该如何工作的。

在 Chromium 18 中，它看起来相当不错——根本没有像素化。

在我的测试浏览器列表（FF3.6 Opera 9.2 IE6）中我没有看到我在 Chromium 中看到的内容

关于IE9，可能是引擎问题