参数化SQL查询

Question

许多关于SQL中带有C#的参数的帖子,但我仍然遗漏了一些东西.我没有收到错误消息但没有插入数据.缺什么？我有名为fname,lname,address,city,state和zip的文本框.

 private void enter_button_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 {
    string first, last, addy, city1, stat, zippy;
    first = fname.Text; 
    SqlParameter firstparam;
    firstparam = new SqlParameter();
    firstparam.ParameterName = "@first";
    firstparam.Value = first;
    last = lname.Text;
    SqlParameter lastparam;
    lastparam = new SqlParameter();
    lastparam.ParameterName = "@last";
    lastparam.Value = last;
    addy = address.Text;
    SqlParameter addressparam;
    addressparam = new SqlParameter();
    addressparam.ParameterName = "@addy";
    addressparam.Value = addy;
    city1 = city.Text;
    SqlParameter cityparam;
    cityparam = new SqlParameter();
    cityparam.ParameterName = "@city1";
    cityparam.Value = city1;
    stat = state.Text;
    SqlParameter stateparam;
    stateparam = new SqlParameter();
    stateparam.ParameterName = "@stat";
    stateparam.Value = stat;
    zippy = zip.Text;
    SqlParameter zipparam;
    zipparam = new SqlParameter();
    zipparam.ParameterName = "@zippy";
    zipparam.Value = zippy;

    try
    {
        Validate(fname);
        Validate(lname);
        Validate(city);
        Validate(state);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        throw new Exception(ex.ToString(), ex);
    }

    try
    {
        exValidate(address);
    }
    catch (Exception ex1)
    {
        throw new Exception(ex1.ToString(), ex1);
    }

    try
    {
        numValidate(zip);
    }
    catch (Exception ex2)
    {
        throw new Exception(ex2.ToString(), ex2);
    }


    string connection = "Data Source=TX-MANAGER;Initial Catalog=Contacts;Integrated Security=True";
    var sqlstring = string.Format("INSERT INTO Contacts ([First] ,[Last] ,[Address] ,[City] ,[State],[ZIP]) VALUES {0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {5})", @first, @last, @addy, @city1, @stat, @zippy);
    SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connection);
    SqlCommand comm = new SqlCommand();
    comm.CommandText = sqlstring;
    try
    {
        conn.Open();
        //SqlTransaction trans = conn.BeginTransaction();
        //comm.Transaction = trans;
        comm.Parameters.Add("@first", SqlDbType.Text);
        comm.Parameters.Add("@last", SqlDbType.Text);
        comm.Parameters.Add("@addy", SqlDbType.Text);
        comm.Parameters.Add("@city1", SqlDbType.Text);
        comm.Parameters.Add("@stat", SqlDbType.Text);
        comm.Parameters.Add("@zippy", SqlDbType.SmallInt);
    }
    catch (Exception commex)
    {
        throw new Exception(commex.ToString(), commex);
    }
    conn.Close();
}

所以我改变了这一点,但仍然没有任何反应.

     string connection = "Data Source=TX-MANAGER;Initial Catalog=Contacts;Integrated Security=True";
        var sqlstring = string.Format("INSERT INTO Contacts ([First] ,[Last] ,[Address] ,[City] ,[State],[ZIP]) VALUES {0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {5})", @first, @last, @addy, @city1, @stat, @zippy);
        SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connection);
        SqlCommand comm = conn.CreateCommand();
        comm.CommandText = sqlstring;
        try
        {
            conn.Open();
            //SqlTransaction trans = conn.BeginTransaction();
            //comm.Transaction = trans;
            comm.Parameters.AddWithValue("@first", first);
            comm.Parameters.AddWithValue("@last", last);
            comm.Parameters.AddWithValue("@addy", addy);
            comm.Parameters.AddWithValue("@city1", city1);
            comm.Parameters.AddWithValue("@stat", stat);
            comm.Parameters.AddWithValue("@zippy", zippy);
            comm.ExecuteNonQuery();

Answer 1

你忘了执行命令;)

编辑:您也没有使用在方法开头创建的参数.

    ...
    try
    {
        conn.Open();
        //SqlTransaction trans = conn.BeginTransaction();
        //comm.Transaction = trans;
        comm.Parameters.Add(firstparam);
        comm.Parameters.Add(lastparam);
        comm.Parameters.Add(addressparam);
        comm.Parameters.Add(cityparam);
        comm.Parameters.Add(stateparam);
        comm.Parameters.Add(zipparam);

        // This is what you forgot:
        comm.ExecuteNonQuery();
    }
    ...

顺便说一句,不要做那样的事情:

    catch (Exception ex1)
    {
        throw new Exception(ex1.ToString(), ex1);
    }

它没用,它只是增加了一个新的异常级别而没有添加任何有用的东西.只是让异常在堆栈中冒泡,直到它到达一个实际上有用的catch块.

Answer 2

提供的样本中的关键问题是：

• 的定义sqlstring应该有字符串中的参数定义
• 通过创建新的错误对象引发错误时，正在重置调用堆栈
• 的SqlConnection和SqlCommand对象没有正确地开始设置（例如，conn.Close()呼叫是不的一部分Finally的异常处理程序的部分。
• 在Value对的SqlParameters不被集
• 在Execute上XX方法SqlCommand对象未开始叫
• 字符串值存储在varchar类型中，而不是Text. 文本是不推荐使用的 SQL Server 数据类型来存储 blob。

我将重构代码如下：

     private void enter_button_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
     {
        var first = fname.Text; 
        var last = lname.Text;
        var addy = address.Text;
        var city1 = city.Text;
        var stat = state.Text;
        var zippy = zip.Text;

        Validate(fname);
        Validate(lname);
        Validate(city);
        Validate(state);
        exValidate(address);
        numValidate(zip);

        using (var conn = new SqlConnection("Data Source=TX-MANAGER;Initial Catalog=Contacts;Integrated Security=True"))
        using (var cmd = new SqlCommand(@"INSERT INTO Contacts ([First], [Last], [Address], [City], [State], [ZIP]) VALUES (@first, @last, @addy, @city1, @stat, @zippy)", conn))
        {
            cmd.Parameters.AddRange(
                new[]
                    {
                        new SqlParameter(@"first", SqlDbType.VarChar).Value = first,
                        new SqlParameter(@"last", SqlDbType.VarChar).Value = last,
                        new SqlParameter(@"addy", SqlDbType.VarChar).Value = addy,
                        new SqlParameter(@"city1", SqlDbType.VarChar).Value = city1,
                        new SqlParameter(@"state", SqlDbType.VarChar).Value = stat,
                        new SqlParameter(@"zippy", SqlDbType.SmallInt).Value = zippy
                    });
            conn.Open();
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
        }
    }

注意：我更喜欢提供参数的数据类型，因为当没有提供类型时，SqlCE 并不总是正常工作。