如何使用django-storages和Amazon S3设置Django项目,但是对于静态文件和媒体文件有不同的文件夹？

Question

我正在配置一个Django项目,该项目使用服务器文件系统来存储应用程序静态文件(STATIC_ROOT)和用户上传的文件(MEDIA_ROOT).

我现在需要在亚马逊的S3上托管所有内容,所以我为此创建了一个存储桶.使用django-storages与boto存储后端,我设法收集静态上传到S3斗:

MEDIA_ROOT = '/media/'
STATIC_ROOT = '/static/'

DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto.S3BotoStorage'
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = 'KEY_ID...'
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = 'ACCESS_KEY...'
AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = 'bucket-name'
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto.S3BotoStorage'

然后,我遇到了一个问题:MEDIA_ROOT并且STATIC_ROOT没有在存储桶中使用,因此存储桶根目录包含静态文件和用户上载的路径.

那么我可以设置:

S3_URL = 'http://s3.amazonaws.com/%s' % AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME
STATIC_URL = S3_URL + STATIC_ROOT
MEDIA_URL = 'S3_URL + MEDIA_ROOT

并在模板中使用这些设置,但在S3中存储时,静态/媒体文件没有区别django-storages.

怎么做到这一点？

谢谢!

Answer 1

我认为以下应该可以工作,并且比Mandx的方法更简单,尽管它非常相似:

创建一个s3utils.py文件:

from storages.backends.s3boto import S3BotoStorage

StaticRootS3BotoStorage = lambda: S3BotoStorage(location='static')
MediaRootS3BotoStorage  = lambda: S3BotoStorage(location='media')

然后在你的settings.py:

DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'myproject.s3utils.MediaRootS3BotoStorage'
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'myproject.s3utils.StaticRootS3BotoStorage'

在这里的两个example_文件中可以看到一个不同但相关的示例(我实际测试过).

Answer 2

我目前在一个单独的s3utils模块中使用此代码:

from django.core.exceptions import SuspiciousOperation
from django.utils.encoding import force_unicode

from storages.backends.s3boto import S3BotoStorage


def safe_join(base, *paths):
    """
    A version of django.utils._os.safe_join for S3 paths.

    Joins one or more path components to the base path component intelligently.
    Returns a normalized version of the final path.

    The final path must be located inside of the base path component (otherwise
    a ValueError is raised).

    Paths outside the base path indicate a possible security sensitive operation.
    """
    from urlparse import urljoin
    base_path = force_unicode(base)
    paths = map(lambda p: force_unicode(p), paths)
    final_path = urljoin(base_path + ("/" if not base_path.endswith("/") else ""), *paths)
    # Ensure final_path starts with base_path and that the next character after
    # the final path is '/' (or nothing, in which case final_path must be
    # equal to base_path).
    base_path_len = len(base_path) - 1
    if not final_path.startswith(base_path) \
       or final_path[base_path_len:base_path_len + 1] not in ('', '/'):
        raise ValueError('the joined path is located outside of the base path'
                         ' component')
    return final_path


class StaticRootS3BotoStorage(S3BotoStorage):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(StaticRootS3BotoStorage, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.location = kwargs.get('location', '')
        self.location = 'static/' + self.location.lstrip('/')

    def _normalize_name(self, name):
        try:
            return safe_join(self.location, name).lstrip('/')
        except ValueError:
            raise SuspiciousOperation("Attempted access to '%s' denied." % name)


class MediaRootS3BotoStorage(S3BotoStorage):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(MediaRootS3BotoStorage, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.location = kwargs.get('location', '')
        self.location = 'media/' + self.location.lstrip('/')

    def _normalize_name(self, name):
        try:
            return safe_join(self.location, name).lstrip('/')
        except ValueError:
            raise SuspiciousOperation("Attempted access to '%s' denied." % name)

然后,在我的设置模块中:

DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'myproyect.s3utils.MediaRootS3BotoStorage'
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'myproyect.s3utils.StaticRootS3BotoStorage'

我必须重新定义_normalize_name()私有方法以使用safe_join()函数的"固定"版本,因为原始代码给了我SuspiciousOperation合法路径的例外.

我发布这个是为了考虑,如果有人能给出更好的答案或改进这个,那将是非常受欢迎的.

Answer 3

文件:PROJECT_NAME/custom_storages.py

from django.conf import settings
from storages.backends.s3boto import S3BotoStorage

class StaticStorage(S3BotoStorage):
    location = settings.STATICFILES_LOCATION

class MediaStorage(S3BotoStorage):
    location = settings.MEDIAFILES_LOCATION

文件:PROJECT_NAME/settings.py

STATICFILES_LOCATION = 'static'
MEDIAFILES_LOCATION = 'media'

if not DEBUG:
    STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'PROJECT_NAME.custom_storages.StaticStorage'
    DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'PROJECT_NAME.custom_storages.MediaStorage'
    AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = 'KEY_XXXXXXX'
    AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = 'SECRET_XXXXXXXXX'
    AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = 'BUCKET_NAME'
    AWS_HEADERS = {'Cache-Control': 'max-age=86400',}
    AWS_QUERYSTRING_AUTH = False

并运行: python manage.py collectstatic